Throwing the ball. Technique of throwing the ball. Throwing the ball at a range

Look at the sculptures of the ancient Greeks, the frescoes of the Roman Empire and even the rock carvings of primitive tribes. Are there similarities? All the ancient depicted warriors or hunters running with the spear raised for a throw.

In the old days, the ability to throw a spear was equated with the ability to survive almost all tribes inhabiting the planet. Now it has lost its relevance, but throwing the ball is a must for any person. After all, throwing allows us to develop coordination of movements, to feel all the muscle groups and to learn how to properly distribute the effort.

History

In ancient times, residents of different countries (rather even territories) were constantly at war with each other. Some defended, others, on the contrary, conquered new territories. Before the appearance of gunpowder, all weapons were swords, spears, spears and arrows. The strongest and quickest won. The one who was more accurately hit the target, the one who could properly assess their strength and in time to get away from hand-to-hand fighting, throwing a spear or pike. This skill was a direct road to survival and victory.

That's why in peacetime the soldiers did not stop training. In order to assess their skills and compare them with the skill of other soldiers, competitions were organized to throw javelins and spears. Most often these were competitions for the range of the throw and accuracy of hitting the target. In modern conditions, athletes learn to throw the ball into the goal, rather than weapons.

The winner was determined by the judges. And the range of the throw was measured by "feet", because the metric system was not yet. The judge counted the distance to which the athlete threw a spear, his feet. This was the most accurate measure.

And to this day athletes compete in throwing a spear, disk, core. All these sports are athletics, even despite the size of the pushers of the core. At the Olympics, not one set of awards in this sport is played out. But in order to learn to accurately and far to throw, you need a lot of training. The first skills we get in school, when in physical education classes we learn to throw the ball.

Why learn throwing?

It would seem an easy task: to throw the ball as far as possible, or to hit the target, which is at a decent distance. But in practice, we are faced with the fact that only teaching the technique of throwing the ball gives us the result. Without training, the most "simple" thing that can happen is a dislocation of the shoulder joint or sprain of the ankle joint . After all, you need to understand how to coordinate the movements of the hands and feet in order to get a decent result. Therefore, throwing the ball almost in a game form helps us to better understand our body, to learn how to control it and, of course, to strengthen the muscles: hands, legs, trunk. This exercise is especially important for children. At 9-10 years of age the child already understands that coordination of movements is not an easy task.

In adulthood, young people may again encounter a throwing. True, this time there are grenades. The technique of throwing the ball is suitable for grenades. The difference is only in the retention of these shells and in their weight. Of course, few can boast of such a rare skill as throwing a spear. But to hit friends and friends with an accurate throw of the ball into the goal and add a couple of points to your credibility will not hurt anyone!

Athletics: throwing

Throwing is the exercise of athletes, requiring "explosive" muscle effort (short-term, but maximum in tension). The goal of any throw is to move the sports equipment to the distance as far from the athlete. Throwing the ball, and with it everything begins, helps to develop strength, agility and speed of action. In addition, a person has an understanding of the optimal balance of these efforts.

Despite the apparent simplicity, throwing is a rather complex exercise. Throwing the ball, you need to assess the speed and strength of the hands, relate them to the take-off and understand at what point you actually need to "let go" the ball, so that he flew away too, and the athlete stayed (and did not fall, for example, or stepped outside the line ). All this allows to develop also analytical abilities: analysis of the most advantageous starting position, rapidity of the take-off and swing, and finally, determination of the point of application of maximum efforts at the throw.

There are three types of throwing:

1. Throwing a small ball, grenades, spears. These shells are light. They are thrown from behind the head after a swift run.
2. Throwing various disks (the main distinguishing feature of the projectile is weight). Disks before the throw are dispersed due to the rotation of the body of the athlete.
3. All kinds of kernels. The core is not "thrown", but "pushed". The core is the heaviest shell, so before pushing it, the athlete needs to make a "jump" (literally, jump and at the highest point push the core from the shoulder).

The basics of throwing

Modern athletics does not consider throwing shells at the target. Throwing a small ball at a distance - this is the first exercise. The throw can be performed in any way: standing from behind the head, from behind the head with a running start, throwing the projectile with the unwinding of it, pushing it from the shoulder. The throwing method is chosen depending on the projectile (its size and weight). Based on the age and physiological characteristics of the athlete selected a sports projectile.

At the very beginning of this sport, maximum strength is not recommended. Muscles and joints are not yet prepared and "do not know" the problem, and this is fraught with dislocations and sprains. Learning to throw the ball begins with shots on the target (accuracy). Gradually, the task becomes more complicated, and the range is added to accuracy. In the future, with a serious occupation of throwing go to other heavier and more complex shells.

What to consider when throwing

So, on what does the range of flight depend? Specialists distinguish four conditions that determine a successful throw: the speed of the projectile, the angle, the height of the point at which the projectile detaches from the athlete and air resistance.

We will deal with each factor in order. The initial speed is affected by the effort that the athlete applies at the time of throwing. Next, the length of the path of the ball, which he passes in the hand of the athlete. And finally, the time for which this path is overcome in the hand.

Accordingly, the longer the path and the shorter the time, the faster the speed of the ejected projectile. Throwing the ball with a take-off means the speed of the takeoff run, the turn of the hull and the jump of the thrower. At the end of the run, the thrower creates an "overtaking" by the athlete's shell. For the throwers of the ball and the spear are the last steps of dispersal, for the discus throwers - overtaking is created during the turn of the body, and for the pushers of the core the last seconds of the jump are important.

The run-up time can only be reduced by accelerating the thrower. Therefore, the training of throwing the ball includes and training for running with acceleration. At the last step of the run, the athlete pushes the projectile not only forward, but also upwards.

When throwing a ball, the angle of flight relative to the horizon is an important point. The knowledge of elementary geometry and the laws of trigonometry allows us to state that the maximum range is reached at an exit angle of 45 °. It is practically impossible to achieve this accuracy. Experienced and trained throwers push the projectile at an angle of 30-43 °.

It should be noted that throwing the ball at a distance does not depend on the height and length of the athlete's limbs. At first glance it seems that the higher the athlete, and the longer his arm, the farther the ball or spear will fly. In practice, we are confronted with the fact that the growth only affects the height of the point of departure, but with a proper throw this characteristic will not significantly affect the final result.

The same unprincipled value has the resistance of air masses. Of course, the air flow reduces the time and speed of flight. So, the range of the throw. But for such small items as a ball, it is immaterial. Correctly "running" the disk can, in general, be "picked up" by the flow of air and can stay in the air for a fraction of a second longer.

In any case, the effect of the height of the departure point and the resistance of the air masses is described by centimeters of the flight range. In contrast to the takeoff speed and the throw angle of the projectile.

Basics of throwing the ball

One of the primary skills that a person receives is the ability to throw the ball and catch it. Already two-year-olds can perfectly cope with this task. Of course, the children's ball game has nothing to do with throwing shells, but only emphasizes the importance of developing dexterity and accuracy.

The ball for throwing should be kept behind the head and just above its level. The elbow should not be above the shoulder, and the shoulder with the forearm should be less than 90 °. Professionals and their coaches say that from this position the throw will be the most effective.

Run before the throw

The technique of throwing the ball involves a run-up of 20 meters. In practice, this distance varies a little depending on the individual characteristics of the athlete. The run itself should be uniform, but with acceleration. The step is also important: light, springy (by no means running with the body tilted forward). In addition, during the takeoff it is necessary to control the position of the jogging arm.
Conditionally dividing the take-off into two equal parts, we get the preparatory - actually speed dialing by the athlete, and the throwing - preparation for throwing the projectile.

Coordination of movements is of great importance here. It is necessary to keep the speed dialed in the first part of the takeoff, and at the same time to get a hand for the throw behind the back.

At the beginning of the run, the athlete leans on the front of the foot and slightly tilts the body forward. Before the final effort, it is necessary to make several "throwing" steps and withdraw during this time the arm with the projectile back. To facilitate the task, on the runway, you usually mark a place in which you want to start moving your hands back.

How to draw a hand with a shell

At the moment of throwing the body of the athlete should be slightly inclined back. Those. During the throwing steps it is necessary that the feet, literally, overtake the hands. This is necessary in order to maximize the way the force is applied to the ball. There are several ways to take your hand back during the take-off run.

At the physical education classes at school we easily master the simultaneous turn of the shoulder towards the throw with the retraction of the arm back (also due to the movement of the shoulder joint). When we are interested in professional athletics, throwing the ball requires finding more effective techniques.

This technology is recognized as the "retraction of the ball from the shoulder straight back". This brush movement greatly simplifies the overall overclocking and does not reduce the speed. Another way, the movement of the hand forward-down-back, provides more opportunities to control the timeliness of the movements of the hand relative to the center of gravity of the body of the athlete. This method is considered the most dynamic.

Cross Step

As already noted, the speed during takeoff is an important component of a successful throw of the projectile. However, there is no need to achieve maximum acceleration, because This can cause muscle strain. Such a muscle load will adversely affect the more responsible part of the throw - pushing the ball out.

The most important is the penultimate of the throwing steps. It is he, the "cross step", which allows the energy of the take-off to be transferred to the retracted arm with the projectile. In general, the last steps before the throw are designed to make a comfortable position for the projectile ejection.

Having dispersed, the athlete must quickly push off with the foot of the left foot to create acceleration for moving the right leg forward, gently but quickly change the body tilt to the back position and allow the legs to "outrun" the hands.

"Cross-step" requires special attention from the thrower. It is necessary to check the consistency of all actions and movements. During the "cross-step", the athlete needs to land on a slightly open leg (up to 40 °), while making sure that the arm with the projectile is ready for a further throw. A slight turn of the pelvis, which is explained by the specific setting of the foot, will help to correctly throw the ball.

Actually, the starting position for the final effort can be described as follows: the athlete rests on a slightly bent right leg, the toe of which is turned outward; The body is turned in the left side in the direction of projectile throwing, and the right right arm is retracted. The left arm, on the contrary, is slightly bent at the elbow and is located near the chest. Straightened left foot touches the ground with the inside of the foot. It is very important that the axis of the shoulders and right hand make a straight line.

Throw

The throw of the ball begins at the moment when the athlete unbends the right leg in the knee. This movement allows you to move forward and upward the pelvis, while the shoulders remain almost in place. The hand should be turned with the palm upward, while turning the arm in the shoulder and bending it at the elbow. All these movements allow maximally stretch the muscles of the right side of the trunk, the front part of the right thigh and the right shoulder. The position of the thrower is called a "stretched bow".

At this point, the athlete has already fully turned his chest forward, and the throwing arm passes forward, bending at the elbow joint. The brush with the forearm is still behind the back. All the described motions allow to maximize the speed of the ball's departure at the moment of its throw. Together with this, the left hand must be retracted so that the inertia of this movement moves the body forward. When the elbow of the throwing hand is level with the ear, you must start the sharp movement of the shoulders forward. Simultaneously with this movement, the athlete should straighten the elbow joint. Completing the throw, the thrower should make a "biting" movement with a hand. By inertia, the body also rotates to the right, increasing the duration of the impact on the projectile.

Common Mistakes

In order to achieve excellent results in throwing the ball, you need to train hard. And pay attention to the typical mistakes. They are few, several pieces, but getting rid of them is the most important task. The roughest ones are the deflection of the body to the left of the direction of the throw of the ball and the bending of the left leg in the knee at the moment of the projectile ejection. This leads to the inevitable loss of the initial speed of the ball from the athlete's hand.

In order not to stand for the restrictive feature, the athlete needs to extinguish the movement forward. Having jumped from the left foot to the right, while bending it in the knee, you can cope with this task.

The technique of throwing the ball into the goal is practically no different from the shots on the range. But one more important skill is added: the eye measurement and the accuracy of estimating the distance to the target. All this can also be "trained" and "rehearsed". After all, nothing is impossible, it all depends on the desire and persistence of man.