State Historical Museum on Red Square in Moscow: opening hours, reviews. The Lenin Museum in Moscow on the Red Square

The State Historical Museum on Red Square in Moscow is one of the visiting cards of the capital of Russia. This is a place where many tourists are eager to get to, wanting to inspect all the exhibits and take a picture against the backdrop of the building itself.

History of construction

Despite the great popularity among the museums of the capital of Russia, by historical standards the museum on Red Square in Moscow is considered quite young. But thanks to its location and unique collection, it is one of the most visited in the Russian capital.

The idea to create a Historical Museum appeared in 1872. The initiator of its implementation and construction of the building was Emperor Alexander II, who wished to perpetuate the memory of the Crimean War. That is why the first exhibits of the museum were military trophies. Earlier in the building was the Zemstvo Order (Ministry of Regional Development). The project itself was developed by engineer A. A. Semenov and artist V.O. Sherwood, and later A. Popov. The main condition for the construction of the building was that the building was built in the style that developed in the architecture of the Red Square.

Its construction went for almost 6 years - from 1875 to 1881. Then 2 years went to find exhibits and interior design, which involved such famous painters as IK Aivazovsky, VM Vasnetsov, later joined by them IE Repin and VA Serov. From the whole country, the best anthropological and archaeological collections, as well as libraries, were brought here. The date of opening is May 27, 1883 .

The development of the Historical Museum after the revolution

After the October Revolution there was a serious threat of looting collections, but all the exhibits took under the protection of the People's Commissariat. The Soviet era became a difficult period in the history of this institution: beautiful sculptures of lions, unicorns, and double-headed eagles (royal symbols) were adorned, adorning the facade of the museum.

From 1922 to 1934 years. The institution was replenished with several collections: items from the Cathedral of St. Basil the Blessed, the Novodevichy Monastery and the Museum-Estate of Kolomenskoye were added . . The boyars of the Romanovs also became his exhibits .

In 1944, the State Historical Museum on Red Square received the title of the main center of all Russian historical and local lore institutions of this type.

The fate in 1990-2000.

The beginning of the modern history of this institution was marked by a large reconstruction, because of which from 1986 to 1997, The visit was terminated. But thanks to this at the moment we can contemplate the museum as it was thought at the very beginning.

In addition to the external restoration, the interior of that time was restored, but at the same time the storage system for exhibits was modernized, and an elevator for the disabled was installed. In addition, visitors can look at the screens and monitors of all the exhibits that are not currently live.

Inside the State Historical Museum on Red Square is similar to the Imperial Palace. Its area is four thousand square meters. The front entrance is a grandiose tree, amazing with its grandeur, on which there are images of 68 royal persons.

A total of 39 rooms are on display to show the whole history of Russia from ancient times to the present day. On the first floor there is everything connected with the pre-Petrine times, on the second floor there is an exposition dedicated to Russia after the autocrat "cut through a window to Europe". . The third floor is dedicated to the times from the reign of Peter the Great to Alexander III, the fourth is reserved for various temporary exhibitions .

In addition, there are often held scientific conferences, lectures, concerts, as well as real balls, documentary and historical films are shown.

In 1996, the collection of the State Historical Museum numbered 4,373 thousand exhibits and more than 15 million historical documents, and since then it has expanded at times. To date, among the most famous exhibits are the "Izbornik Svyatoslav", "Apostle", an eight-meter boat, carved with axes even in prehistoric period, walrus tusk with a letter, the icon "Our Lady of Kazan", the saber of Emperor Bonaparte, armor, survived to the present day since the time of Alexander Nevsky And many other things, including personal belongings of famous and legendary kings, military and public figures (Peter I, Nicholas II and VI Lenin).

Lenin's Mausoleum

The Lenin Museum in Moscow on Red Square is another very popular tourist attraction of Russia. There still holds the mummy of Lenin. It is located next to the southern wall under the Senate Tower since 1930. The first Mausoleum was temporary. It was built six days after the death of Vladimir Ilyich - January 27, 1924, and in August a new one was erected under the leadership of A. V. Shchusev. Six years later, according to the project of the same architect, a stone burial vault was built, which has reached our days.

Guest tribunes of the Lenin Mausoleum were built in 1930, and central - in 1938. . In June 1941, the body was temporarily transported to Tyumen, where it was kept until the end of the war .

From 1953 to 1961 in the Moscow crypt there was also the body of JV Stalin, then the monument was officially called the Mausoleum of VI Lenin and JV Stalin.

In 1983-1984 it was slightly changed, but the appearance remained practically the same.

The Lenin Museum in Moscow on Red Square is the second most interesting sight after the Kremlin. The last of his restoration with the foundation was made in 2013.

Founding of the Museum of the Revolution

The Museum of the Revolution is located on Tverskaya Street 21. Its exposition reflects all events that took place in the Russian Federation over the past 150 years: the abolition of serfdom, the revolution, the process of collectivization, the Great Patriotic War, the first flight of the Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin and much more.

Until 1917, this building housed the English Club, and then in a chic mansion was organized by the Museum of the Revolution. In Moscow on Red Square in October-November, the decisive events of the October Revolution took place: the shelling of the cadets, who were entrenched in the Kremlin, from the side of the revolutionary forces. Barricades were erected on all nearby streets, as a result of fighting 240 people were buried in mass graves near the Kremlin wall. . One of the expositions of the Museum is devoted to the events of these days .

Expositions of the Museum of Modern History of Russia

In 1998 the Museum of the Revolution was reorganized into the Museum of Contemporary History of Russia. All modern expositions are divorced in time: the first begins the narrative of the period of the Russian autocracy and serfdom, and also talks about peasant reform and modifications in the military and judicial systems, in the bodies of local self-government.

A special interest in the visitors is the hall, in which the collection of the times of the USSR is located (from the Civil War to the time of Perestroika). . This posters, and military awards, weapons and banners .

A few years later, the Museum of Contemporary History of Russia marks 100 years. During this time, more than 1.3 million exhibits were collected here. All of them are located on three floors, there is also a lecture hall and a buffet. Among the exhibits you can easily discover the personal effects of many politicians (Stalin and others).

The work of museums on Red Square

To visit the Mausoleum of Lenin, tourists are given only 3 hours: this time is from 10.00 to 13.00 on all weekdays and holidays.

The Historical Museum on Red Square in Moscow runs from Monday to Thursday - from 10.00 to 18.00; On Friday and Saturday - from 10.00 to 21.00; On Sunday from 10.00 to 18.00.

The Museum of the Revolution can be accessed all days of the week, except Thursday, from 11.00 to 19.00; On Thursday from 12.00 to 21.00.

Ticket prices

One of the most popular places in Moscow is Red Square. Museums, the prices of tickets in which are very diverse (even sometimes free), it is absolutely necessary to visit all people interested in the history of the Russian state.

The ticket price to the Museum of the Revolution: 250 rubles. 100 руб. - the whole ticket and 100 rubles. - for Russian students and pensioners.

The entrance to the Lenin Mausoleum is free.

The Historical Museum on Red Square in Moscow has such prices for tickets: 350 rubles. - adults, 100 rubles. - for students and pensioners.