Russian language. The predicate and its ways of expression: examples

A predicate is a very important member of the sentence. It is thanks to him that the meaning of what is being tried is understood. Of course, there are proposals without this term, but they do not carry the dynamics that is the attribute of the predicate. There are a lot of varieties of this sentence member in the Russian language, and each is used to convey certain semantic nuances. We will analyze what is the predicate and its modes of expression.

The grammatical basis of the sentence

Before talking about the predicate as such, attention should be paid to the predicate, or grammatical, basis in which it is included. It is no accident that these members of the proposal are called the main ones. After all, the subject and the predicate are the main guidelines for the fact that we do not have a word combination, but a more complex syntactic unit.

Let's give an example:

1. Variegated fishes.

2. Between the rocks here and there in the shallows scurrying bright and colorful fishes.

In the first case, we have a phrase in which we can distinguish the main and dependent word. However, we do not observe the semantic load of what kind of fish they are, where they live, what happens to them. So, before us the phrase. In the second case we have a proposal. Let us prove this. The basis of the sentence is easily identified : the fish scurry. Here the main idea is already framed, the statement has a finished look, the intonation completeness is felt. Even if you remove all secondary members, the basis of the proposal will remain. Fish scurry. This will no longer be a phrase for the reasons listed above.

In addition to the predicate, which will be discussed further on, the predicate basis includes the subject. This member of the sentence indicates the subject of speech, it is reported in this syntactic unit.

The predicate: the definition of a concept

What is a predicate? Its main task is to convey the meaning of what is said about the subject of speech expressed by the subject.

• What does it do? The girl with interest reads a book about butterflies. The predicate reads reports the effect of the subject of the girl .
• What is the subject of speech? Today the girl is unusually beautiful and charming. Homogeneous beautiful, charming report the characteristics of the subject of the girl .
• Who (or what) is he? Birch is a beautiful tree of Russia, its symbol. The predicate tree determines that there is such a subject birch .

Types of predicates

Taking into account, in what sense the predicate and its modes of expression are used, different types of this sentence member are singled out.

Let us examine an example. Her cheeks turn red. - The cheeks continue to blush. - Cheeks turn red. All these three sentences convey, in principle, the same thought, but the grammatical meaning and nuances of meaning in them are different. So, in the first sentence, the grammatical meaning and the semantic load lie on the predicate blush . Another thing is the second and third sentences. Here the grammatical and lexical meaning is conveyed by different words. The predicates consist of two words (continue to blush, turn red), one of which (the first) carries a grammatical load, the second (the infinitive in the first case and the adjective in the second) - the semantic one.

Also, all the predicates of the Russian language are divided into simple and compound. The first consists of a single verb, which carries a semantic and grammatical aspect. My sister plays dolls all evening. The predicate plays - simple.

Another matter is the compound predicate and its modes of expression. Here at least two words take part, one of which outlines the grammatical component, and the second - the semantic (see the examples at the beginning of the section).

By their type, a nominal and verbal predicate are distinguished, examples of which are given in the following sections. To distinguish them is quite simple: if one of its parts is expressed by some name: noun, adjective, numerative - it will be called nominal.

The verb predicate and its relation to the subject

Before enumerating the ways of expressing a nominal and verbal predicate with examples, we will disassemble how it relates to the subject in the sentence.

This can happen according to the category of number: A pupil writes a dictation. - Students write dictation.

Also the coordination can be realized in number and kind: The pupil wrote dictation. - The student wrote the dictation. - Students wrote dictation.

A special case is when the subject is expressed by a word with the value of any quantity. Here it is necessary to take into account the context and put the predicate either in singular or in plural. They float about the blak through the bright blue sky. - Many students will remember the school years with gratitude and light sadness. Teaching takes a special place among specialists. The last sentence is very revealing, because in it the subject has a collective meaning, therefore, it is required to put the predicate only in the singular. These are such subjects as the majority, society, people, minority and others.

A simple verbal predicate

Let us examine the ways of expressing a simple verbal predicate. In it, the semantic and grammatical components are contained in one verbal form. We will discuss right away, it is wrong to say that a simple verbal predicate is just one word, since it can be expressed in such a form that it includes several words, significant or not.

So, ways of expressing a predicate with examples:

1. A verb in any of the inclinations. I will go on vacation on the sea (indicative) - I would go on vacation at sea (conditional) - Go on vacation on the sea (imperative).
2. The difficult future tense of the verb. I'll bake a cake for my birthday (I'll bake).
3. A verb to be , if it matters the existence of something or simply existence. Yesterday it was raining all day. I have this quality.
4. Phraseologicalism, if in its composition there is a conjugated form. Olesya finally came to herself. I find a common language with almost every child and parent.

Composite verb predicate

We will analyze the compound verbal predicate and its modes of expression. It includes the main part and the auxiliary. The first contains a semantic load and is an infinitive, the second contains a grammatical meaning. Also, the auxiliary part can be endowed with additional shades of meaning. Let us analyze what the compound verbal predicate means. Examples will help you understand this better.

• Stages of action: beginning, ending, duration. I'm going to re-read Pushkin. I'm finishing the whitewashing of the walls.
• Desire or necessity of action, its possibility. Olga wanted to cut her hair very short. I must warn you about the danger of burning yourself.
• Any emotional context. I adore walking around the waterfront at any time of the year.

As it was said above, the main part is always an infinitive verb. The auxiliary one can be a short adjective with the meaning of the action: should, glad and others, also the words of the status category can enter here : it is necessary, it is possible, fun, bitter, loved, good.

The predicate is a nominal

The compound nominal predicate has, in addition to the auxiliary part, a nominal one. It contains the semantic component. The auxiliary part is responsible for the grammatical content and connection with the subject.

Let us examine what a similar predicate is and how it is expressed. If we talk about the auxiliary part, then it can be:

• The verb is a bunch to be. Its difference is that in the present time it becomes zero: She was smart and beautiful. She will be smart and beautiful. She is smart and beautiful.
• Other verbs are bundles, which, unlike being endowed with additional meanings: seem, reckon, appear, and become others.

• Verbs of movement, such as sit, come, stand and others. Lisa was sitting proud and unapproachable.

As for the nominal part, it can be a noun, an adjective, a word of the category of state, a participle or an adjective, complete, brief in comparative degree. Andrew was above Igor's head. The sky was blue and very clean. The table is a piece of furniture so necessary for the economy.

Pronouns can also be present in the nominal part. The girl was exactly what he saw in his dreams. There are also numbers. Ten times ten is one hundred.

Phraseological units are often used as a nominal part. Shorokhov was a master of all trades in the construction business.