Declination of the noun: table. Table of declensions of nouns by case

Oh, this decline ... When studying the noun, it is this topic that makes it necessary to break your head properly, in order to memorize all unstressed endings in all possible cases and numbers. How to determine the declension of nouns? The table and examples will make it easier! Let's try to understand and become even more literate!

What is declination?

Declination of a noun (the example table is given in the text) is a change in the case of a word and its number. Consider the examples in the table.

Case	-1 declination-	-2 declination-	-3 declination-
Them. P.	Raspberry, rose	Cat	Lilac, moth
The genus. P.	Raspberries, roses	Cat, cabinet	Lilacs, moths
Dates. P.	Raspberry, rose	Cat	Lilacs, moths
Vin. P.	Raspberry, rose	Cat	Lilac, moth
Creature. P.	Raspberry, rose	Cat, wardrobe	Lilac, moth
Proposal P.	About raspberry, about rose	About a cat, about a cupboard	About lilacs, about moths

The table of declensions of nouns on cases shows that all nouns are divided into groups depending on which endings they acquire in the form of one or another case. Accordingly, all words related to a single wording will have the same set of endings. Being able to determine declination, it is possible to avoid mistakes in writing the endings of nouns in a weak position, in other words - not under stress.

How many declines can a noun have?

The table of declensions of nouns on cases, given in the previous section, showed that any words of the same declension in the form of the same case will have the same endings. It presents the three most common types of declension of our language. But after all, as you know, it is very rich, and there are no simple rules in it. In addition to the three presented, there are other types of declension.

So, what types of declination exist? The most common are the first, second and third declensions.

A separate group consists of words that end in -e : intention, crime, reconciliation, etc.

The next group is words ending in -ya : mania, Natalia, waist, session, commission, etc.

There is a small group of words ending in -yam , which are also inclined in a certain way: time, tribe, etc. Such words are called non-spelling nouns (they will be dealt with in a separate paragraph of the article). Such words as the path and the child are also considered to be disagreeable.

And finally, there are words that can not be changed either by case or by number, and in all forms "look" alike. These are indeclinable, or immutable, nouns: kangaroos, kiwis and others.

Why do we need to determine declination?

How to determine the declension of the noun, the table will tell us a little later. But very often there is a question about why this is done? Why memorize all these cases, endings, many "special" words that need to be remembered? But for what. Take for example the word "pathway": I walk along the path, or I walk along the path ? How to be? Which letter to choose? And here is one more word: "winter". It is also feminine with the ending -a. We put in the same case: (to whom? To what?) - winters . But we already know that all the words of one declension acquire the same ending when the change is made. So, you need to write like this: I'm going on (to whom? What?) The path . The question is settled!

How to determine the declension of the noun? The table and examples in the following paragraphs will help not to make a mistake in this rather simple question!

Nouns 1 declination

These are the words of the female and masculine gender, in which in the initial form there are endings -a or -y (recall that the initial form for the noun is the nominative case and the only number).

Words of a feminine gender with such endings in the Russian language are very many: mother, Masha, pajamas, apartment, work, daughter and many, many others. There are fewer words of masculine gender, but they are very common: father, grandfather, Vasya, Petya and other masculine names.

The table of nouns 1 declination will compare words with the shock and unstressed ending to show that in all words of this declension the case endings will be similar.

I.p.	Spring, heat, earth	Cat, frame, drop
Rn.	Spring, heat, earth	Cats, frames, drops
D.p.	Spring, heat, earth	Cat, frame, drop
V.p.	Spring, heat, earth	Cat, frame, drop
T.p.	Spring, heat, earth	Cat, frame, drop
Par.	About the spring, about the heat, about the earth	About a cat, about a frame, about a drop

It is recommended to learn the endings (inflexions) of the genitive, dative and prepositional, since they most often cause difficulties.

Nouns 2 declensions

These are masculine words having a zero ending (it is not expressed by a letter in the nominative case, but "appears" in other forms) and the middle genus with endings -o, -e: raft, horse, lake, sea, field, etc. Table of names Nouns 2 declination will show which endings words acquire when changing by case.

I.p.	Bag, horse, face	Bread, poplar, cloud
Rn.	Bag, horse, face	Bread, poplar, clouds
D.p.	Bag, horse, face	Bread, poplar, cloud
V.p.	Bag, horse, face	Bread, poplar, cloud
T.p.	Bag, horse, face	Bread, poplar, cloud
Par.	About a bag, about a horse, about a person	About the bread, the poplar, the cloud

As we see, in the accusative case, animate and inanimate objects have different endings. A difficulty can only cause the forms of the prepositional case with an unstressed ending, so remember that in this form you need to write - e .

Nouns 3 declensions

These are feminine words that have a zero ending. All of them end in a soft sign: mouse, brooch, area, passion and so on. Let's see what endings these words take in different forms.

I.p.	rye	love
Rn.	Rye	Of love
D.p.	Rye	Of love
V.p.	rye	love
T.p.	Rye	Love
Par.	About rye	about love

It is very easy to remember: in the forms of the genitive, dative and prepositional cases such words acquire the ending - and .

Nouns on -ie, -ia

The word "aspiration" is of the middle kind, but it can not be attributed to the 2 declension; The word "mantle" is feminine, but it does not change as the words of 1 declension. The table of declensions of nouns with cases will show the difference in endings.

Case	2 skl.	-ie	1 scl.	-and I
I.p.	field	position	heron	function
Rn.	Margins	Regulations	Herons	Function
D.p.	Field	Situation	Heron	Function
V.p.	field	position	Heron	Feature
T.p.	Field	Position	Herons	Function
Par.	About the field	On the situation	About heron	About the function

As can be seen from the table, the words in -iu differ from the words 2 declensions only in the prepositional case, and the words on- i from the words of 1 declension - in the dative and prepositional.

It should be remembered that words that end in -ya , in all forms, behave like the words of 1 declension. Therefore, for example, the forms of one name Natalia and Natalia will tend differently: (give) Natalia, Natalia, (talk) about Natalia, about Natalia.

Table of noun declension endings

Let us summarize what has been said by the table of case endings of words pertaining to different declensions.

Case	-1 scl-	-2 scl-	-3 scl-	-ie	-and I
I.p.	-and I Paw, bullet	__- o, -e House, dish	___ shadow	-ie greatness	-and I waist
Rn.	And Paws, bullets	-and I Home, meals	-and Shadows	-and I Grandeur	-ии Waist
D.p.	-e Paw, bullet	-y / -y Home, dish	-and Shadows	-Yes Greatness	- ix Waist
V.p.	-y / -y Paw, bullet	__- o / -e House, dish	___ shadow	-ie greatness	-Yes Waist
T.p.	Th / -y Paw, bullet	Th / -em House, dish	-y / -y Shadow	-yem Greatness	- by Waist
Par.	-e About the paw, the pool	-e About the house, about the dish	-and About the shadow	-ии About greatness	-ии About the waist

Let's hope that no one will be bothered by the choice of the desired ending and the definition of the declension of nouns in the Russian language. The table explained everything in great detail.

It should be noted that -y and -i can not be distinguished as a separate morpheme, an ending. In this case, they are just letters to which the word ends. Morphemic composition of such words is the topic of another article.

The declension of nouns in the plural (the table here, in general, without the need) is very rarely a problem, since the letters are mostly clearly audible. In the dative, instrumental and prepositional plural, all three declensions of the ending will be the same. We propose to independently declare any words in the plural and see this.

Dissimilar nouns

Dissonant words among the nouns of the Russian language are few. Why are they different? Because they can not be attributed to any one declension, in different cases they "behave" differently. These are words that end in -yam (there are only about ten), the words "way" and "child". Let's look at the peculiarities of the declension of names that are significant in the Russian language (table) - those words that are considered to be differentiated.

I.p.	stirrup	way	child
Rn.	Aspiration	Put	Dit-yat-i
D.p.	Aspiration	Put	Dit-yat-i
V.p.	stirrup	way	child
T.p.	Aspiration	Put	Dit-yat-it
Par.	About aspiration	About put-and	About dit-yat-i

As you can see, the word "child" leans in a very special way. The word "way" in the genitive, dative and prepositional cases "behaves" as the word 3 declension, and in the instrumental - as the word 2 declension. Well, the words ending in -my , in oblique cases get the suffix -ene -.

These words must be remembered in order not to make a mistake in choosing the desired ending.

Words that are incoherent

Basically, these are borrowed words - come from other languages. They can denote the names of animals, plants, dishes, as well as the names or surnames of people, the names of objects. Having come to our language, such words retained the feature of not changing their form, getting into the sentence. In whatever case or number you need to put such a word, it will sound the same.

• Give me coffee - I admire the morning coffee - we're talking about coffee.
• This is my cockatoo - I do not have cockatoos - give me food cockatoo - remember the cockatoo.
• Roman Dumas - dedicated to Dumas - writes about Dumas.

Declining such words in the sentence is wrong and illiterate. Everyone knows the phrase-joke "I sit in the movie on the first row with a popirock in the tooth." Let's not be like the hero of this joke! Declining words should be used correctly, and those that are not indoctrinated should not be changed at all.

Let's sum up the results

Determining the declension of nouns (the table above) is not a complicated process, which will help to avoid mistakes in writing. Let's try to generalize all of the above.

There are three basic declensions in the Russian language, but there are still special words ending in -ya and -e , and a few different words. The words are divided into three main groups, depending on the gender and ending in the nominative case.

All the words of one declension in oblique cases have similar endings. They can be learned so as not to be mistaken. And you can act differently: instead of a word with an unstressed ending, substitute any word of the same declension, but whose accent falls on the ending. The letter in the end of these words will be the same!

Words on -ya and -ie do not enter into three main groups, because they vary in cases and numbers in a special way, and their case endings need to be remembered.

You should also remember a small group of different words. Their set of endings does not coincide with any of the above declensions, so they require special attention.

And finally, indeclinable words: they do not change, no matter in what context they are used. Inclined in the sentence words such as cinema, coat, coffee, purse, kangaroo, - a sign of low literacy and general culture.

We hope that the article was useful and helped to understand such a difficult topic as declension of the noun. The table and examples were understandable, and therefore the choice of a correct ending is now not difficult.

Be literate!