Rare is a disease. The most rare diseases of people

In the world there are a huge variety of various human diseases, but only some of them are extremely rare. Some of them, mostly highly infectious, practically disappeared due to the efforts of medicine. The rest - are genetic diseases, usually incurable. The rare disease makes a person adapt to life. Consider the most unusual diseases.

Polio

Thanks to mandatory vaccination, now this is an extremely rare viral disease. They are mainly sick in developing countries with weak medicine. The virus of poliomyelitis affects motor neurons of the spinal cord, which leads to muscle atrophy and flaccid paralysis. It flows with a high fever, an extremely high lethality.

Most survivors remain disabled for life. The treatment of rare diseases like polio is a fairly complex process. It is easier to prevent disease.

Progeria

It is a rare genetic disease, manifested in the unnaturally rapid aging of the body. Distinguish between child and adult variants of the disease. Statistics report one case for four million. The pathology of the disease repeats the picture of natural aging, but accelerated many times.

Sick children for a year of life grow old at once 10-15 years. Such rare diseases bring many troubles. Photos of patients you can see in this article.

The first symptoms of child progeria become noticeable by the second-third year of life of the baby. At this time, the child stops growing, his skin thinning, his head greatly enlarges. Progeria adults make their debut at the age of 30-40 years.

Fields disease

Perhaps the rarest disease in the world. In the history of medicine, there has been described all one such case with two patients. The minor twin sisters, named Fields, who lived in England, were ill.

The disease manifests a gradual loss of control over arbitrary movements due to a defect in the muscle tissue. As the disease progresses, patients increasingly depend on the help of others and the wheelchair, completely lose the ability to move independently.

Progressive fibrodysplasia (Munich disease)

The disease is extremely rare, statistics speak of one case of two million. The basis is a genetic mutation, leading to congenital pathologies of development. It appears curved fingers and toes, spine and other bone disorders. This disease is characterized by unnatural growth of bone tissue, the transformation of soft tissues into bone. Any trauma gives impetus to the formation of the focus of growth of new bones.

It is very difficult when rare human diseases are manifested in this way. The photo shows how a sick person looks.

Doctors have not yet come up with a way to cure patients. Surgical removal of bone growth leads to the opposite result, stimulating new growth zones. These most rare diseases scare, but patients try to live.

Kouru disease

Extremely rare, but very dangerous infectious disease. Infectious agent - prions, which are proteins with an irregular spatial structure. Once in the body, prion moves to the brain. There, the infectious agent disrupts the spatial structure of neighboring proteins, leading to programmed cell death. And in place of the dead nerve cells, voids are formed - vacuoles.

The disease is accompanied by severe disorders of the nervous system and inevitably leads to death. The Kuru was widespread in New Guinea among the cannibal tribes, and the infection occurred after the ritual eating of the human brain. Now cannibalism has almost come to naught, and the number of new diseases is extremely small. It's good that such rare diseases are rare. See the list and description below for the rest of the article.

Microcephaly

This disease is characterized by a disproportionately small skull in the newborn. The small mass of the brain leads to severe mental insufficiency, an irreversible lag in development. Born with this pathology, babies tend to survive, but remain idiots, and at best imbeciles or morons.

The main factor contributing to the birth of a sick child is the irradiation of a pregnant woman with radioactive radiation, as well as genetic factors. Such rare diseases of children require a lot of courage and patience from their parents.

Disease of the Morgellons

In the first place skin symptoms: ulcers, elastic living threads, creeping under the skin. At the same time, memory begins to suffer, the psyche of patients, sharply reduced efficiency.

Official medicine tends to be skeptical about the complaints of patients, explaining their mental disorders, and skin manifestations - dermatitis of various kinds. It is believed that the diseases are particularly susceptible and hysterical patients.

Paraneoplastic Pemphigus

Despite the fact that conventional pemphigus is a fairly common disease, pemphigus, which is based on the paraneoplastic process, suffers from a small number of patients. The disease is extremely dangerous and potentially fatal. Particular difficulty in correct diagnosis and treatment is a differential diagnosis with conventional pemphigus. At the heart of the disease is the current malignant process.

Skin manifestations of the disease consist in the appearance on the mucous membranes and skin of the blisters, which bursting, become a hotbed of pathogenic bacteria. Many patients die from sepsis or from cancer. The most rare diseases practically do not give in to treatment. People are forced to suffer and experience not only physical, but also moral pain.

Stendhal's Syndrome

This mental disorder manifests itself when the patient visits exhibitions and museums, where art is displayed. It is manifested as anxiety, dizziness and high blood pressure. In some cases, even hallucinations are possible.

The syndrome was officially recognized in 1972, after the Italian psychiatrist Maharini described many similar cases of this disease among tourists visiting exhibitions and museums. In some patients, such reactions cause listening to classical music.

Syndrome of an exploding head

The disease is characterized by auditory hallucinations, patients hear different noises and explosions in their heads. As a rule, similar phenomena occur during preparation for sleep or during sleep, and also immediately after awakening. Auditory hallucinations are accompanied by vegetative-vascular changes, blood pressure rises in the patients, sweating is increased. In some cases, in addition to acoustic effects, there are also visual effects, in the form of a beam of bright light.

Scientists suggest that the push to the disease is stress and prolonged overstrain of the psychic sphere. Most often middle-aged and elderly women are ill. Effective therapy for the disease at the moment has not been developed, due to its rarity. Patients are advised to eat fully, spend more time walking and not overexert.

The fallacy of Capgrass

Mental deviation, manifested in the persistent conviction of the sick that their spouses have been replaced by a clone. Patients refuse to share a dwelling with a "stranger". According to researchers, the disease in the bulk is caused by damage to the right hemisphere of the brain. Sometimes the disease manifests after an overdose of drugs.

Very frightening of such rare diseases. They are rare, but they bring a lot of pain to the patients and their relatives.

Blaschko lines

Skin syndrome is named after the German dermatologist Alfred Blashko, who described the first cases of the disease. The Blashko lines are a pattern of strips and curls programmed in the genome of each person. Normally, these lines are invisible, but begin to appear with certain endocrinological disorders. Sick babies are born with visible stripes.

Microprint

Neurological disorder, manifested in the distortion of visual perception. Patients perceive objects of the surrounding world reduced by several times, incorrectly estimate the distances between objects.

The disease is broken not only by visual perception, but also by touch and hearing. The patient may not even recognize his body. To microleptic results organic damage to the brain or taking drugs. Such a rare disease creates a lot of problems for a sick person.

Blue Skin Syndrome

The skin becomes blue or violet, which generally does not affect the health status, but it negatively affects the appearance. The disease is genetic and is inherited. It's hard for people to be in society, because they are constantly being noticed by the environment.

Klein-Levine Syndrome

Neurological disease, also known as the sleeping beauty disease. Patients experience pathological drowsiness, they completely disrupted the daily routine. Almost all the time they spend in a dream, and wake up only to eat and go to the toilet. Also, patients complain of poor memory, hallucinations and react sharply to noise stimuli.

The majority of patients are adolescents who have a seizure disorder. The attack occurs once every few months, and lasts a couple of days, after which the teen returns to normal life. With adulthood, the disease usually recedes. It's good when very rare diseases leave a person after growing up.

Syndrome of a living corpse

Mental disorder, manifested in the patient's persistent belief that he is already dead. Considering themselves a corpse, the sick people feel the smell of rotting flesh, see worms crawling on their bodies. Very often, patients commit suicide because they can not withstand nightmarish visions.

Syndrome of a happy puppet or Angelman's syndrome

This is a genetic disease caused by a mutation in one of the chromosomes. The sick child grows poorly, he suffers from attacks of unjust laughter. The limbs do not listen well, they tremble or twitch. When walking, the legs do not bend well, resembling the walk of a puppet, which determined the name of the syndrome.

Despite the fact that the patients are mentally retarded, they manage to learn to pronounce a few words, and to hear a little more.

Porphyria (vampire disease)

As a result of a genetic malfunction, the skin of patients is extremely sensitive to ultraviolet radiation. From sunlight, the skin begins to itch, burst, become covered with sore ulcers and scars. Inflammation affects not only the surface of the skin, but also cartilaginous tissue. Curled ears, nose and nails, which become like the claws of the beast.

The patients prefer to leave the house at night, when there is no sun. Rare diseases of people cause discomfort in patients and people who surround them. But at the same time it is very important not to despair.

CIPA

Genetic disease, in which there is no sensitivity to pain, resulting in patients do not notice bruises, wounds, cuts. Possible frostbite and burns. Patients who have such a rare disease should constantly monitor the environment and plan each step.

Mermaid Syndrome

This genetic malfunction is manifested by a physical defect, in which children are born with their feet cracked. In addition, infants have abnormalities in the development of internal organs, which causes high mortality.

Always the most rare diseases in the world are shocking. Especially if pathologies occur from birth.

Pica

Mental disorder, manifested by perverted taste preferences. Patients eat completely inedible and sometimes dangerous objects. In the stomachs of patients are most often found:

• Land;
• Ash;
• garbage;
• Rubber;
• Buttons.

Researchers believe that in this way the body tries to fill the lack of minerals. These rare human diseases assume regular monitoring by close family members.

Hyperreflection

The patients react violently to a sudden loud sound. The vegetative reaction includes increased sweating, rapid heart rate and high blood pressure. The patient can literally jump up from fright.

The condition is reduced by soothing drugs, which reduce the excitability of the nervous system.

Allergy to electromagnetic fields

The first cases of the disease began to be fixed after the electrical and electronic devices were tightly integrated into human life. Being in the area of the electromagnetic field, patients complain of deterioration of well-being, ringing in the ears, headache, nausea.

Some patients have to completely abandon household appliances.

Despite the fact that rare diseases suffer from a small number of people, medicine continues to seek new ways of treatment. In many states there are special programs that actively study the world's most rare diseases.