Grades of transmission oils and their characteristics. Application of transmission oils

Lubricating products, which are necessary for transmission mechanisms, do not receive special attention. Lubrication in gearboxes is not replaced as often as in the engine. Transmission oils are lubricants whose main function is to form a protective film on each gear mechanism of the gearbox, transfer boxes, bridges and differentials. With the motor all more or less clear. Let's study the brands of transmission oils and their characteristics. This is very useful information for novice car owners.

general information

Regardless of the oil grade for the transmission, the product is based on the extract obtained in the process of selective cleaning of oil lubricants. Also, various distillate products and additives are added here. The latter are often based on phosphorus, sulfur, molybdenum disulphides and other similar substances. Before the world began to appear cars equipped with highly loaded transmission gears, a nigrol was used as the lubricant. Its viscosity was from 6 to 20 mm ² / s at a temperature of 100 degrees. Open gear mechanisms operated due to viscous residual greases with additives. Their viscosity ranges from 50 to 500 mm ² / s at a temperature of 100 degrees.

What are the transmission oils for?

We have considered briefly why lubrication is needed in the transmission system. These products are needed to reduce friction during the operation of gears and other mechanisms. Due to the use of lubricants, the wear of the transmission parts is significantly reduced, the energy losses for friction are reduced. Due to the oils, excess heat is removed from the parts. The surfaces of the gears and mechanisms are protected against corrosion. In different countries they use their oils. Also they are classified differently.

Russian Standard

The brands of transmission oils and their characteristics in Russia are strictly regulated by GOSTs of Soviet times. As the main document, in which all the information on lubricants for units and transmission units is systematized, GOST 17479.2-85 is used. This standard provides for four groups of lubricants. They differ in viscosity - these are 9, 12, 18 and 34. All existing products are divided into classes according to the result of viscosity measurements at a temperature of 100 degrees. The second parameter is the minimum temperatures at which the dynamic viscosity is not more than 150 Pa / s.

Transmission oils, their brands and characteristics can be divided into five main groups. The first is products that do not contain additives. In the remaining groups, these components are allowed. The effectiveness and characteristics of additives increases in the same way as the group number. The fifth category includes oils of a wide range of applications.

The first group

This class includes materials that consist only of mineral components, and do not contain additives. These lubricants are designed for operation in a worm gear, conical, cylindrical. The permissible contact load is from 900 to 1500 MPa at a temperature of up to 90 degrees.

The second group

They are also mineral-based oils, but they contain various additives that protect the components from wear. These grades of transmission oils and their characteristics are suitable for operation in worm, cylindrical, and other gears, where the contact load is up to 2100 MPa at a temperature of up to 130 degrees.

Third group

These are mineral greases with anti-seize additives. The additives in these products are moderately affected. These lubricants are used with spiral canonical transmissions, cylindrical, hypoid. Here, the maximum load is up to 2500 MPa and the temperature reaches 150 degrees.

Fourth group

These are oils containing extreme pressure additives with a high level of action. They are designed for transmissions, where the ultimate load does not exceed 3000 MPa at a maximum temperature of 150 degrees. One of their representatives is the transmission oil "Lukoil", the characteristics of which allow them to be used for passenger cars.

Fifth group

These are universal lubricants, which contain packages of universal additives. Often they are multifunctional. The maximum contact load is not more than 3000 MPa, and the maximum temperature is not more than 150 degrees.

How to label domestic products

The brands of transmission oils and their characteristics are encrypted in a special code. It looks something like this: TM-5-9 (3). Here, TM says that the product is an oil for transmissions. Digit 5 reports that this is a multifunctional product with an extreme pressure additive. Values 9 and 3 indicate that this is a material with a low viscosity level and a thickening additive content.

What are the characteristics of the gear oil?

Today, a variety of transmission gears are used with their gears and gears. Therefore, depending on the design of the unit, the type of transmission and other parameters, the transmission oil characteristics are determined.

A good product should have the following set of characteristics:

• Grease should have high extreme pressure and anti-wear properties.
• Also, the product has high viscosity characteristics at all temperatures. Due to this, high-quality lubrication is provided when the gearbox has to work on a cold one. These characteristics make it possible to provide the product with the required viscosity level.
• Transmission oil must have a low level of corrosive aggressiveness. This is important for parts made of non-ferrous metals.
• A special characteristic is the stability of thermal oxidation. This ensures a constant level of viscosity.
• Another important parameter is a high level of protection against rust and minimal impact on sealant materials.

Classification by API

The brands of transmission oils and their characteristics are also classified according to the API system. This is something like Russian GOSTs. But here we take into account not only the viscosity itself, but also the medium for which this or that lubricant is suitable:

• API GL-1 is a basic mineral base, which contains no additives. It is designed for operation in unloaded nodes and light conditions. конусной и червячной. These lubricants can be used in mechanical synchronous gearboxes, as well as in gears - cone and worm gear.

• GL-2 is a basic mineral oil and an anti-scuff additive. This protection is quite effective if it is used in mechanisms with an average load level. These lubricants are widely used for land transport and agricultural machinery.
• GL-3 contains, in addition to the base oil, additives for wear protection as well. Their number is 2.7% of the total composition. These grades of gear oils are recommended for medium loads in cone truck gears. Do not use these products in hypoid transmissions
• GL-4 - universal oils, designed for all loads. The composition contains a base mineral base and an antiscuff additive in an amount of 4%. These lubricants are widely used in leading axles, in gearbox systems without synchronizers. For synchronized gearboxes, these grades of gear oils are suitable, and their use will make the performance of the boxes more efficient. Grease contains more than 50% of various protective additives.

• GL-5 are special products designed to operate under high loads of transmissions. Here there are 6.5% of additives with enhanced characteristics. This universal transmission oil. Its technical characteristics are ideal for highly loaded assemblies. But the product is not suitable for any CAT.

Conclusion

. So, we examined the brands of transmission oils and their characteristics . As you can see, there is a fairly wide classification of lubricants. When choosing the right gear oil it is important to look not only at its class and viscosity, but also on the manufacturer's recommendations.