Cerebral angioedema of cerebral vessels: symptoms and treatment

Headache brings a lot of discomfort. Especially if this symptom occurs often, and even more so constantly. In such situations it is worthwhile to see a doctor and take a survey. This clinical sign can be observed with a disease such as angioedema of cerebral vessels. Often, this pathology manifests itself in childhood. Less often it is acquired.

It should be noted that this condition is not an independent diagnosis, but is combined with other diseases. There are several reasons for the development of cerebral angiodystonia. Determine why this syndrome occurred, can only an experienced neurologist. In order to find out the cause of the disease, it is necessary to perform diagnostic procedures.

What is the angioedema of the cerebral vessels?

It is generally accepted that problems with blood vessels often disturb elderly people. Nevertheless, this does not always happen. In some cases, the disease develops in childhood or young age. An example of such a pathology is cerebral angiodystonia of cerebral vessels. Typical manifestations of this disease are: violation of sleep and memory, slowing mental activity, dizziness. Less common is focal symptomatology.

Angiodystonia of cerebral vessels is most often a sign of some neurological disease. Nevertheless, in some cases, its cause can not be established. In this case, the diagnosis is made: dystonia by hypo- or hypertonic type. In addition to headaches, there is often a decrease or increase in blood pressure, fainting. By this pathology is meant a change in the tone of the cerebral vessels. Such violations can cover a specific area of the brain or blood supply in general. From this depends the clinical picture, observed in the disease.

Classification

Angiodistonia is a vascular disease that can cause damage to any of the body systems. Pathology is classified according to the nature of the course, the localization of the lesion, the value of AD, and the origin. The following varieties of cerebral angiodystonia are distinguished:

1. Mono-regional and system. In the first case, the lesion covers a certain area of the brain. In the systemic process, the tone is impaired in all cerebral vessels. In this case, general cerebral symptoms are characteristic.
2. Depending on the value of blood pressure, a hypo- or hypertonic disorder is identified. With reduced blood pressure, the patient is weak, drowsiness, pale skin. VSD hypertonic type is characterized by reddening of the face during excitement, increased blood pressure, headaches. In some cases, a mixed type of angiodystonia is observed.
3. With the flow, a chronic and a crisis form is distinguished. At the latter, sharp changes in blood pressure, focal neurological symptoms, headache may occur.

Change in the tone of the arteries is more common than veins. In some cases there is a combined vascular pathology.

Causes of development

Angiodystonia of the cerebral vessels arises from violations of the valve apparatus, the elasticity of the walls of the veins and arteries, damage to the endothelium, etc. There are many reasons for the development of this syndrome. Why it was angiodystonia, depends on the background pathology. Allocate the following causes of the disease:

1. Vascular damage due to head injuries.
2. Violation of the integrity of the wall of arteries and veins - the endothelium. It is observed in various vascular pathologies. Endothelium can be damaged due to the accumulation on its surface of fatty plaques, glycosylated protein, cells of the immune system.
3. Hereditary predisposition to cerebral angiodystonia.
4. Inflammatory diseases of veins and arteries (phlebitis, vasculitis).

Angiodystonia of cerebral vessels in children is most often associated with a hereditary predisposition to this syndrome. In addition, the causes may be complications during childbirth, perinatal fetal hypoxia, trauma.

Background pathologies

Almost always angiodystonia develops against the background of other cerebral pathologies. Sometimes it arises from infectious or endocrine diseases. The background processes include:

1. Atherosclerosis of the arteries. With this pathology, damage to the endothelium and formation of fatty plaques occur. Because of the thickening of the walls of the vessels, the elasticity of the arteries decreases, as a result of which the muscle tone may decrease.
2. Hormonal disorders. Most often, angioedema is combined with diseases of the pituitary gland, thyroid gland. Decompensated diabetes mellitus also leads to vascular damage.
3. Chronic infectious diseases that affect not only the brain, but also other organs.
4. Craniocerebral injury.
5. Psychoemotional disorders, stress.
6. Systemic vascular diseases are vasculitis. Such pathologies can have both an infectious and an autoimmune nature.
7. Allergic reactions.

If the cause of this syndrome can not be established, this does not mean that it does not exist. In most cases, the development of dystonia is preceded by any violations of the endocrine system, head trauma. In cases of damage during labor, the syndrome may develop much later (at school age).

Symptoms of cerebral angioedonia of vessels

The disease can manifest itself in different ways. It depends on the form, nature of the course, background and accompanying pathologies. Symptom, present for any type of disease, is a headache. It can be concentrated in the temporal and parietal areas, the occiput. Other signs of angioedema of cerebral vessels - dizziness, memory loss, tinnitus, nervous and mental disorders. Often patients complain of sleep disorders, feelings of depression, apathy. Less often, focal cerebral angioedema of cerebral vessels develops.

Treatment of this form should be started as early as possible, as it can lead to serious complications. Symptoms of focal disturbance of tonus include: visual or hearing disorders, convulsive syndrome, limp paresis of limbs, muscle weakness. With any form of pathology, periodic changes in blood pressure are observed.

Diagnostics

Diagnostic criteria of angiodystonia syndrome is a worsening of blood flow, a decrease in the diameter of the cerebral arteries or veins, a decrease in the resistance of the vascular walls. To methods of research, allowing to identify such changes, include rheoencephalography, EEG. Also an important diagnostic procedure is UZDG cerebral vessels.

In addition, it is necessary to conduct a complete examination to identify the background disease. This is necessary to find out the cause of the development of angiodystonia. This pathological condition should be differentiated with other vascular and psychosomatic diseases.

Cerebral angioedema of cerebral vessels: treatment, drugs

Before starting treatment, it is necessary to try to find out the cause of dystonia. After all, only the effect on the main pathogenetic link will help to fully cope with this disease. In addition, it is important to follow a healthy lifestyle, alternate work and rest. One of the methods is exercise therapy, aimed at improving the vascular response. Symptomatic therapy is of great importance in such a syndrome as angiodystonia of cerebral vessels.

Treatment is appointed for a long time. The drugs of choice include medicines "Prazozin", "Piroxan", "Fentolamin". Also recommended are folk methods: calming herbs, pomegranate.

Prevention

Unfortunately, it is impossible to predict angiodystonia syndrome in advance. Nevertheless, there are measures to prevent complications. They include: a timely visit to the neurologist (at the first signs of pathology), the rejection of bad habits, walking in the fresh air, control of blood pressure.