Polyps in the uterus: the causes of education. Polyps in the uterus: symptoms and treatment

Nature laid the main task on the female gender - the bearing and the birth of healthy children. However, various diseases of the gynecological sphere worsen the state of the reproductive function. In neglected form, infertility, benign and malignant tumors, including polyps in the uterus, the reasons for the formation of which are diverse.

To date, there has not been a single theory on how polyps originate. Until now, gynecologists have not reached an agreement, despite the development of diagnostic technologies and medicine itself.

Polyps are benign lesions that affect the lining of the uterine cavity - the endometrium and have a branched structure. Their size can vary from a few centimeters to the size of the average apple.

Causes of the disease

• Insufficient peeling of the endometrium. Normally, the mucous membrane separates before the onset of the menstrual period and then is washed out naturally. Formation of tumors begins when the lining is not completely removed. When the polyps grow to a certain size, they are fixed on the growing slimy thin leg. Polyps in the uterus, the reasons for the formation (formation) of which lie in the insufficient flaking of the endometrium, are treated on average from three to six months.
• Spontaneous formation. In this case, the cause is violations and disruptions of the hormonal background. The increase in the level of estrogen occurs after the use of oral contraceptives, hormone therapy, pregnancy. Uneven production of sex hormones leads to a serious imbalance. Against the background of a sharp increase in the level of estrogen, the gestagen drops to a critical level. This provokes negative changes in the direction of changes in the mucous membrane of the genital organ. Polyps in the uterus, the reasons for the formation of which are due to hormonal disorders, are treated with the help of a course of special therapy.
• Inflammations are specific and nonspecific in acute or chronic form. One of the reasons for the development of serious painful processes can be postponed abortion. As a rule, the doctor prescribes a course of antibiotics after the operation, but with unsuccessful therapy, inflammation still develops, and the formation of polyps is almost inevitable. Also here you can include colpitis, adnexitis, churchitsites, vaginitis, bacterial vaginosis.
• Infectious lesions transmitted during sexual intercourse.
• Endocrinological pathologies. The risk factors are such diseases as diabetes, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, adrenal insufficiency, obesity.
• Unsuccessful pregnancy, remnants of the placenta after childbirth in the anamnesis.
• Injuries. Very often it is a rupture of the uterine body or neck, perineum.
• Unprofessional gynecological manipulations.
• Intrauterine spirals. Dangerous may be their prolonged wearing.
• Hereditary and genetic predisposition.
• Anomalies, pathologies of development and location of the organs of the female reproductive system.
• Pathological proliferation of medium and small vessels inside the uterus. Around the tissues, epithelial cells begin to form.
• Endometriosis, fibromyoma, dysplasia, cervical erosion.
• Hypodinamy provoking the appearance of stagnation in the organs of the small pelvis and hypoxic phenomena localized in the appendages.
• The age group is from forty to fifty. Polyps in the uterus, the reasons for the formation and development of which lie in the age-related changes, are most often removed through surgical intervention.

Diagnostic features

Uterine polyps are often detected during a routine examination with a gynecologist. The doctor, manipulating a special mirror, sees them on the mucous membrane. For more accurate diagnosis, colposcopy is performed, additional radiographic examination, gitseroskopiyu, allowing to thoroughly examine the uterine cavity. A reliable picture of the disease helps to determine and ultrasound.

Classification of polyps

Pathology is classified by the number of polyps and their histological structure. Education can be multiple or single. By structure, polyps are divided into:

• Glandular uterine polyps. Education develops due to violations in the endometrium.
• Adenomatous polyp. The most common type of pathology. The size of the formation can reach several centimeters, it tends to degenerate into a malignant tumor. Adenomatous polyps in the uterus, the causes of which can be any, in the opinion of gynecologists are considered the most dangerous.
• Fibrous polyp. Very dense in its consistency, because it is formed by a fibrous tissue. Excellent visualization with ultrasound.
• Mixed, or glandular-fibrous.

Symptomatics

Each woman should undergo a regular gynecological examination (at least once a year). This is especially true if there is at least one risk factor for the development of the disease. It is necessary to listen carefully to the state of your body, since the polyposis manifests itself as follows:

• Inability to conceive.
• Violations, cycle failures, in particular, towards the polymenorey. During this period, abnormally abundant bleeding occurs.
• Irregular ovulation.
• Excessive uterine bleeding or discharge (smearing with bloody divorce).
• Dyspareunia - soreness during sexual intercourse.
• Discomfortable sensations in the abdomen, pulling, grasping pain.
• In rare cases - general toxification symptoms.

Prevention

As is known, prevention is necessary to prevent any disease. So, a woman should from time to time undergo an examination at the gynecologist, adhere to dietary nutrition, and also exclude irritating factors (overheating, hypothermia, etc.).

Good prevention is the absence of promiscuous sexual intercourse, regular sex life, the reception of contraceptive (hormonal) drugs only when necessary and prescribed by a doctor, an active lifestyle. Only then is the likelihood that a woman will never have polyps in the uterus. Causes and different methods of treatment have been studied in detail, but there is always a risk of negative consequences.

Modern methods of treatment

The earlier the disease is diagnosed, the easier it is to get rid of it, and the less damage it will do to the body. A small education can be cured by taking a course of anti-inflammatory or hormone therapy. If the situation has gone too far, the polyps are removed surgically.

Modern techniques are low-traumatic and effective. Removal of the polyp can be performed with the help of hysteroscopy. A special tube is introduced into the uterus, at the end of which a micro-video camera is located. A special channel feeds tweezers, through which the formation is excised, in some cases instead of tweezers, a loop is used that grasps the polyp around the leg. This leads to the separation of education from the uterus. After removal, the place where the tumor was located is cauterized with liquid nitrogen.

When a large collection of tumors is diagnosed or their size is too large, a scraping procedure is additionally performed. This guarantees the complete destruction of such an education as polyp uterus. The causes and consequences of surgical intervention are studied in detail in modern medicine. The risk of recurrence remains minimal.

Treatment without surgery

If a patient refuses a surgical procedure, and when the polyps in the uterus are the result of a hormonal imbalance, the doctor can use conservative treatment with the help of various groups of medications:

• COCs are combined oral contraceptives. With their help, focal endometriosis hyperplasia is performed. The technique is used mainly in women of the reproductive group, whose age does not exceed 35 years, or in the adolescent period. High efficiency is achieved when diagnosing glandular polyps. In some cases, the use of contraceptives avoids scraping in girls with polyps suffering from uterine bleeding. Several tablets are prescribed per day, after which the dosage gradually decreases.
• The gestagens. Preparations with progesterone are taken predominantly in the second phase of the cycle. Treatment can last up to six months. The activity of the endocrine system is normalized and the haemostatic effect is realized.
• Agonists of the releasing hormone. Treatment is prescribed for women who have reached the age of 35 years, with the elimination of total endometrial hyperplasia. The course of therapy is quite long - up to six months.
• Antibacterial therapy for the treatment of infectious and inflammatory lesions.
• Polyvitaminic complexes.

Polyps in the uterus, the symptoms and causes of which are established and are under qualified control, are successfully treated. Regardless of the etiology of the disease, a favorable prognosis is 85%.

Relapses

When diagnosing repeated formations, there is a risk of degeneration of a benign polyp into a malignant one. The likelihood of such a development is not high, however, gynecologists recommend taking seriously treatment and hormone therapy. The main risk factor are adenomatous polyps. After the therapy, the woman is registered with the gynecologist until the cycle is fully normalized.

Effects

During the postmenopausal period polyposis often provokes the formation of a malignant tumor. For women of reproductive air, the consequences of this disease can also be no less sad. So, polyposis can provoke the occurrence of prolonged hormonal failure and infertility.

Polyps in the uterus symptoms, causes and treatment: conclusion

Over the past decades, women have often been approached by women of reproductive age and menopause, who are at risk of polyposis. The causes of the development of the disease are different, with a large number of variations, which leads to the growth of patients who are diagnosed with polyps in the uterus. What causes them? What are the symptoms? All information was provided above. In any case, it is necessary to understand that the danger lies in the degeneration of the polyp into a malignant formation, so it is so important to diagnose the disease in time and start treating it at an early stage.