Endometrium glandular polyps: causes, symptoms, and treatment characteristics

The glandular polyp of the endometrium is a fairly common pathology of the female reproductive system. Usually it is diagnosed in young girls. This neoplasm is not characterized by typical symptoms, so the fair sex does not rush to see a doctor. Lack of timely therapy can result in infertility or transformation of the polyp into a malignant tumor. In this article we will try to understand why these new formations are developing, what methods of treatment are offered by modern medicine.

Features of the pathological process

To begin with, the structure of the female genital organ should be considered. Uterus consists of three layers: external serous, medium muscular and internal. The latter is otherwise called the endometrium and is a mucosa. This layer, as a rule, attracts attention of gynecologists.

Endometrium consists of a covering epithelium and a base with glands - stroma. They constantly produce a secret with an alkaline reaction, but its amount varies from the phase of the female cycle. When menstruation is separated only the cover epithelium. Stroma always remains and serves as a source of future regeneration of the mucosa in the first half of the cycle.

Polyp is a tumor-like formation. Its development is often preceded by uterine hyperplasia. The focal proliferation of its mucous membrane leads to the formation of a polyp. Therefore, it has a similar structure to the endometrium - fibrous tissue and glands. From here we can distinguish the following varieties of benign neoplasm:

• glandular;
• fibrous;
• Glandular fibrous polyp.

In the structure of the outgrowth it is customary to distinguish between the body and leg, which is permeated with tiny blood vessels. Its size can vary from a few millimeters to 4-5 cm. In its form, the formation resembles a small fungus.

In this article, we will consider in detail the causes and methods of treatment of glandular polyp, since this type of pathology is diagnosed most often. The favorite place of its localization is the zone of the bottom or corners of the uterus.

Why does the disease occur?

Precise reasons for the emergence of neoplasm of modern medicine can not be named. Therefore, she has only to make assumptions. It is unequivocally established that the glandular polyp develops against the background of hormonal changes in the body of a woman. The outgrowth gives an original response to the effect of estrogens, repeating the reaction of the inner layer of the uterus. Violation of the hormonal background can be of two types: absolute and relative. In the first case, the amount of estrogen produced is increased due to a tumor of the ovaries or the persistence of the follicles. With relative hyperestrogenism, the level of hormones can remain normal. However, the pathology develops as a result of a decrease in the antiestrogenic effect of progesterone in the case of insufficient production.

Also, doctors identify a group of factors, the presence of which increases the likelihood of a benign formation. These include:

• Frequent abortions;
• diabetes;
• Hypodynamia;
• Overweight;
• Inflammatory diseases of the genitals.

The glandular fibrosis polyp often develops in women with mental disabilities.

The first symptoms

Neoplasms of nonhormonal character do not manifest themselves practically. Violations can be accompanied by minor intermenstrual bleeding. When the polyp is a consequence of the infectious process in the body, the disease proceeds in the form of a slow inflammation.

Neoplasm of the hormonal nature, which appeared as a result of hyperplasia, manifested by increased menstrual bleeding. Therefore, gradually these patients develop iron deficiency anemia. If the size of the polyp is more than 2 cm, there may be discomfort during intimacy. Complaints about cramping pains are extremely rare.

The pathology described in the article has no characteristic symptoms. If you see one or more of the symptoms listed above, you should consult your doctor. Treatment should be started immediately, as in 3% of cases the glandular polyp has a tendency to malignancy.

Medical Examination Plan

A standard examination of a woman on a gynecological chair is often of little informative. The doctor can not confirm the pathology, based solely on its external manifestations. The basic screening includes the following methods of instrumental diagnostics:

1. Ultrasound (the informativeness of the study is about 98%).
2. The study of uterine cavity aspirate (used to exclude malignant neoplasm).
3. Hysteroscopy (helps to assess the location and size of the polyp).
4. Diagnostic curettage (allows to determine the type of neoplasm).

Based on the results of the examination, the gynecologist gives recommendations on therapy.

How to treat ailment?

The only option is the removal of glandular polyp. The operation is performed under general or local anesthesia. During the procedure, the doctor first expands the uterine cavity, and then removes the tumor hysteroscopically. If there are several, a scraping procedure is recommended. After surgery, the damaged areas of the uterus are cauterized with liquid nitrogen to prevent endometritis.

Recovery, as a rule, goes without complications. During the first 10 days after the operation, small spotting is possible. In this period it is better to give up intimate contacts. In addition, the doctor can prescribe a course of antibiotics. All medicines, as well as the duration of their use are selected individually.

Is it possible to exclusively medication? The glandular polyp of the endometrium is sometimes treated with hormonal drugs. However, this method is acceptable only if the young woman is to become a mother in the future. In addition, aspirate biopsy should not be affected. After 40 years, such therapy is undesirable, because at this age the likelihood of cancer development increases.

Treatment after removal of glandular polyp

The success of the operation is not a guarantee of the absence of relapses in the future. The reason for this is the hormonal changes in the woman's body, which led to the development of pathology. Such processes can promote the re-formation of polyps.

What treatment is required in this case? As a rule, a woman is prescribed medicines of the progesterone group. They can reduce the level of estrogen, eliminate the cause of the disease. Also after the operation, it is necessary to undergo prophylactic examinations at the gynecologist once a year. If there are no signs of relapse within 12 months, the patient is removed from the dispensary.

Possible complications

Treatment of glandular fibrotic polyps should be started immediately after confirmation of the diagnosis. In the absence of competent therapy, non-cyclic or regular bleeding may occur. They negatively affect the woman's intimate life and her well-being.

Especially dangerous are polyps during pregnancy. Neoplasms can lead to severe blood loss and premature placental abruption. Another unpleasant complication of pathology is intrauterine fetal hypoxia . Therefore it is important to undergo a full medical examination at the planning stage of the baby. In case of serious health problems, the course of therapy.

Preventive measures

A glandular polyp, the treatment of which implies surgical intervention, is a fairly common pathology. To avoid such health problems, a woman should comply with the following recommendations:

• Timely treatment of gynecological diseases;
• lead a healthy lifestyle;
• Use contraception, prevent abortion;
• Pass a preventive examination at the gynecologist twice a year.

Specific prevention of pathology does not exist. If you have any suspicious symptoms, you should immediately seek help from a doctor. Do self-medication is not recommended. Timely detection and removal of the glandular polyp of the endometrium allows to avoid complications in the future.