Means of medical protection. Collective and individual means of medical protection

Today, a complex and even dangerous ecological situation is observed, therefore it becomes simply necessary to protect the health of one's own and of one's loved ones. To do this, there is a whole range of activities designed to effectively use the means of medical protection. They are necessary for the prevention and reduction of the negative impact on the body of citizens of hazardous substances and for the provision of medical assistance in emergency situations. It should be noted that all medical means of protecting the population are divided into classes and types. Let's get acquainted with the classification in more detail and find out how you can protect your health with their help.

Classification and necessary application

In their application, the means of protection are divided into:

• Preparations of protection, which are used for radiation accidents.
• A remedy that is effective during chemical accidents and household poisoning with toxic and toxic substances.
• Substances that are used to kill infectious diseases and are used during epidemics.
• Means that are used to remove and destroy from open areas of toxic and harmful chemicals.

The means of medical protection include overalls and an individual first-aid kit. These are the simplest means of protection, which can reliably protect the medical worker during the performance of his official duties. However, in more complex situations or catastrophes, it is necessary to take a more serious approach to the issue of personal protection of employees who provide first aid to the victims or take a direct part in eliminating the negative consequences of infection with viruses and bacteria. Also, such a first aid kit will be able to help with various poisonings both in the domestic sphere and at a higher organizational level. For example, such kits are widely used in the army.

Types and features of protective equipment

There are several types of medical protection that are effectively used depending on the situation and the degree of risk to the health and life of people. First and foremost, the means of protection are provided by medical personnel and rescue personnel. Means of individual protection of medical workers, depending on the situation, can be standard or reinforced. The standard set of protective equipment for health workers includes an individual first-aid kit and special clothing. For more complex situations, where there is a threat of epidemic, a reinforced set of special clothes, shoes, tools and accessories is issued. The most common of accessories are special protective masks, gloves, hoods and others.

Means of protection for medical personnel

Let's more in detail means of protection of medical personnel. First and foremost, all medical workers are provided with overalls that can protect them from ingress of blood sprays, biological substances or toxic substances. Medical workers are obliged to observe personal hygiene, as well as to wear personal protective equipment. Let's now take a closer look at them. The medical device for individual protection includes:

• Rubber gloves are used to protect open areas of hands. It should be noted that two pairs of gloves must be used at the same time to work in conditions of increased danger.
• Protective goggles, masks or special screens for emergency medical care.
• Magnet to lift the fallen needle from the floor.
• Adhesive plaster or fingertips for cutting cuts or scratches.
• Surgical gowns and laboratory suits.

Medical workers very often feel the influence of toxic substances contained in various solutions for disinfection, modern detergents and disinfecting facilities. From them, the protection becomes an ordinary cloth or made of gauze mask, but in our time their effectiveness raises some doubts. It is much safer to use today disposable masks made of non-woven materials, which serve as an excellent protection against toxic substances carried by airborne droplets, and do not impede the process of human breathing.

Overalls for medical personnel

The medical equipment of individual protection also includes the overalls of the personnel. She undergoes washing and disinfection in the laundry of a medical institution with the help of special aids and solutions. In each of them must be available in the presence of medical skin protection. It is absolutely unacceptable that medical workers work without protection, and also wash the uniform of the house.

Medical means of individual protection, their varieties and purposes

It's not a secret that employees of healthcare institutions put their lives in great danger every day, therefore, they have developed personal protective equipment for medical workers, which can very effectively help personnel save not only their health, but sometimes their own lives. At their workplace, they are forced to contact sick patients, to be at risk of contracting infections, to work with dangerous and toxic substances at times. The use of medical protective equipment plays a big role in this. How in such difficult conditions to secure yourself and reduce the negative impact on your body? Of course, you should use a medical device. This way really can save the health worker during the performance of his job duties.

So, what is meant by the expression "remedy"? What does it mean by its usefulness and necessity? What are their classes?

We are interested in medical personal protective equipment, which is responsible for the safety of the health worker. These include: special means for disinfection and disinfection, medical preparations and materials, first-aid kit, special clothes and accessories.

And now we must pay tribute to the health care system in our country. Today, our medical institutions fully have personal protective equipment for medical workers, as well as means for disinfection, cleaning and disinfection of premises. Means for special processing of medical instruments and devices. All employees of polyclinics and mobile ambulance teams are fully equipped with modern medical kits to provide first aid to the injured.

Rules of work with the first-aid kit

At the moment when personnel receive personal protective equipment, everyone should check the contents of the first aid kit given to him, read the instructions and learn the rules of use. For security reasons, it is absolutely not recommended, without special need, to unilaterally open the first-aid kit, move and open the pencil boxes where the tablets are stored. It is strictly forbidden to open or violate the integrity and tightness of packages with dressings and anti-chemical protection packages. Basic functions of the individual first aid kit:

• Carrying out of measures of mutual aid.
• Help the victim with various wounds.
• Help during the recovery of fracture, dislocation and other injuries.
• Assist with severe intoxication or chemical poisoning.
• The defeat of radioactive substances.

The medical first-aid set is a red plastic box of rectangular shape, where all the necessary medicines and related equipment are located. The weight of the first aid kit is 130 grams. All preparations are in plastic containers and are located in special niches. They are also called "pharmacy nests." In the bag, except for medicinal preparations, there is also an individual anti-chemical package and materials for dressing. All medical remedies located here are intended for urgent medical events.

Purpose and application of an anti-chemical package

The individual anti-chemical package contains a bubble with polydegasive liquid and a set of napkins. These items contribute to the effective disinfection of skin, clothing items of citizens not younger than 7 years. It should be remembered that the liquid that is in the package is poisonous, it must be handled with care and try not to get into the eyes and mucous membranes. Materials from such a package can also be used during bacteriological treatment.

Ways of using materials for dressing

The dressing bag is equipped with a sterile bandage with two antiseptic pillows. It is used for dressing the injured person in wounds, to stop bleeding from wounds. Also, the package is accompanied by a detailed instruction, which specifies the rules for the use of all materials.

The main rule in working with the dressing package is to maintain sterility, since the materials will be in contact with open wounds.

Collective medical remedies and their use

With individual means of medical protection everything is clear: they include funds that are required to ensure not only the safety of the medical worker, but also to help him to fully provide assistance to the victims, to conduct the entire complex of necessary medical measures. But what about the second type of medical protection? What does it include, and how effective are they in application? When should they be used? Let's figure out what collective medical remedies are and what is their task? In what situations is it necessary to apply them, and what is the means of protecting a relatively large number of people?

Collective medical means of protection and prevention include provision of first aid to victims of mass poisoning with toxins and chemicals, vaccination, vaccination and other preventive actions aimed at preventing the spread of the epidemic, massive chemical and radiation poisoning, carrying out activities related to the virus quarantine. This also includes measures for the complete destruction of harmful and poisonous substances, sanitation and disinfection.

During the mass threat of the epidemic, medical assistance is provided to the victims by the Department of Accident Medicine. In place of the person who was injured, employees can conduct a complex of measures to stop bleeding, treatment and application of dressings for wounds and burns received as a result of an emergency incident. Victims who received fractures can receive first aid in the form of a tire application and an anesthetic injection, help is given with suffocation, cardiac massage is performed. Having received one of the types of pre-hospital care, the victim is then transported to a hospital or hospital.

Means of medical protection of the population - quarantine

What is quarantine? What is the effectiveness of this medical device? During the detection of sources of infections of such dangerous diseases as smallpox, anthrax, plague, cholera, a decision is made to conduct quarantine measures on the infected territory. Simply put, quarantine is declared in this area.

First of all, the cordon of the infection center is organized, most often by the forces of paramilitary units. People are forbidden to move outside the zone, to take out their property. You can go beyond the cordon by going through a medical examination and receiving a special permit. All medical personnel working in the quarantine zone must use enhanced personal protective equipment for their own safety. First of all, they include a special quarantine suit. Depending on the type of virus or bacteria spreading, health workers can use an antiplague or viral suit.

Features of the viral suit of a medical worker

Medical means of individual protection include different types of overalls. One such very effective means is a viral suit, which includes such items as:

• Antiplague suit.
• Overalls and hood.
• Head bandage.

Thanks to this means of medical protection, the employee in the quarantine zone will be able to protect himself from dangerous infections as much as possible.

Effective quarantine measures are possible if the following conditions are met:

• Operative isolation of infected people in the quarantine zone.
• Observation.
• Creation of a quarantine zone with a cordon.

An important role in the destruction of foci of infections and epidemics is played by medical means of protection and prevention, which meanwhile are used in an appropriate amount. Sanitary treatment is the most effective measure to combat toxic environmental poisoning. A set of measures aimed at neutralizing toxic and dangerous radioactive materials, bacteria on the surface of the earth, personal belongings, protection items. Sanitary treatment can be of two types:

• Complete.
• Partial.

How is partial processing in the territory contaminated with dangerous toxins and radiation? It must be carried out very promptly, immediately upon arrival on the infected territory or after exiting the area of radiation damage. So, the first thing you need to do is take off your outerwear and shake them a few times so that the radial particles fall to the floor. To conduct this procedure is necessary for the wind. Then the removed things must be hung and knocked out with a stick or other improvised means. Next, rinse the face and hands with running water. Then, all exposed surfaces of the body must be treated with disinfectant solutions.

Full sanitization involves washing all parts of the body with warm water and soap, carrying out medical assistance activities for all victims, where necessary - using medical protective equipment that is used at such times.

One of the effective means is decontamination. A set of measures is carried out in order to remove the contaminated particles from the ground. During these operations, various special powder and soap solutions are widely used and, of course, ordinary water is used. Also, degassing and disinfection are necessary measures that are included in the complex of means to combat radioactive, chemical contamination or epidemics. What do these two mean? What is their role? Degassing sets the task of removing volatile chemical particles, and disinfection is a treatment aimed at the complete destruction of viruses and toxins that are dangerous to humans, animals and the environment.