Leukocytes. The norm of leukocytes in the blood of men, women and children. The norm of leukocytes in the blood of men after 50 years

The normal state of health of a person is affected by many factors. Some of them relate to the external environment, while others affect from the inside. To conduct an adequate assessment of the state of the body, doctors prescribe certain studies. The study of the level of leukocytes is included in their number almost always. It is carried out in a complex manner. It should be borne in mind that the norm of leukocytes in the blood of men and women is significantly different. A special category is the study of children's indicators. It is also necessary to remember that the norm of leukocytes in the blood of men after 50 years is slightly different than that of younger representatives of the stronger sex. What is this analysis and what can he tell?

What is the leukocytes

Human blood contains several kinds of elements, each of which performs certain functions. Leukocytes are white blood cells , a group of heterogeneous bodies, which is distinguished by the presence of a nucleus and the absence of its own color. The main function of this type of elements is to protect the body from internal and external pathogenic factors.

All kinds of white bodies have high motor activity and are capable of penetrating through the capillary walls into the space between the cells. There they begin to absorb and digest foreign and harmful objects. This complex process is called "phagocytosis," and the cells that carry it out are phagocytes. In the event that too many alien objects enter the body, these elements do not cope with the load. They begin to increase greatly in size and, as a result, collapse. As a result, there are swelling, redness of the affected area, increased body temperature.

Why is the norm of leukocytes in the blood of men and women different?

The level of white bulls in each person can vary. This is not always caused by some kind of disease. It is known that the norm of leukocytes in the blood of men is approximately 4.2-9 * 10 ^ 9 units per liter. Depending on this or that time of day, the impact of external factors and the physiological state of the body, the number of white blood cells can vary significantly. So, their number increases slightly towards evening, after eating, and after physical or emotional stress. It may vary depending on age.

How is the

The analysis takes venous or capillary blood. To obtain reliable information about the state of the human body of an older person, a laboratory worker takes as a basis such an indicator as the norm of leukocytes in the blood of men after 50 years. He compares it with the number of white bodies in the material under study. You need to give blood properly. This must be done strictly on an empty stomach. Since the last meal, at least eight hours, and preferably ten hours, must pass. Before you take the test, refrain from physical exertion and nervous and emotional overexertion. Try not to take contrasting water procedures. Very strongly can distort the results of the analysis of banal stress. This must be remembered before going through the examination.

When an analysis is assigned

This study is usually prescribed for a comprehensive study of the state of the body. A sharp increase in the level of leukocytes can raise concerns about the development of an inflammatory process. A significant excess of the established rate may make one think about malignant diseases of the bone marrow.

Reducing the number of white blood cells is much less common. Most often this indicates the presence of a viral process, but it may also be a reason to think about a more serious illness (for example, AIDS or aplastic anemia). The use of certain types of drugs (in particular, cytostatics) or radiation therapy also affects the level of blood cells. This must be taken into account when studying the results of the analysis.

The norm of leukocytes in children

1. Newborns (1-3 days) - 7-32 * 10 ^ 9 units per liter.
2. Age to 1 year - 6-17.5 * 10 ^ 9 units per liter.
3. Age from one year to two years - 6-17 * 10 ^ 9 units per liter.
4. Age from 2 to 6 years - 5-15.5 * 10 ^ 9 units per liter.
5. Age from 6 to 16 years - 4,5-13,5 * 10 ^ 9 units per liter.

The norm of leukocytes in women

This indicator can not be permanent. So, for example, the norm of leukocytes in the blood in men after 40 years and in women of the same age varies. Influence on this indicator and pregnancy, the phases of the menstrual cycle , etc. The female body is intended for bearing and the birth of a healthy child. Therefore, he has protective functions higher than that of men. The norm of leukocytes in a woman is on the average 4-9 * 10 ^ 9 units. Per liter. This indicator can vary depending on the state of the body. However, one must distinguish pathological deviations from natural ones. The latter can be caused by bathing in hot or too cold water, playing sports, premenstrual syndrome or stress. That's why you need to remember the correct approach to taking the tests.

The norm of leukocytes in the blood of men

The level of white bodies in the human body is not constant and not the same. In men, it is slightly lower than that of women. Much depends on the age characteristics. The norm of leukocytes in the blood of men of 30 years is 4.2-9 * 10 ^ 9 units per liter. The indicator remains static for quite a long time. The same norm of leukocytes in the blood of men is 40 years old. But over time this level changes. In the elderly, he is different. The norm of leukocytes in the blood of men after 60 years is already 3.9-8.5 * 10 ^ 9 units per liter. This factor should be taken into account when examining the results of analyzes.

Leukocyte formula

There are standards developed by medical laboratories. They take into account a variety of factors. The level of white blood cells in the blood can affect the age and gender, and health, as well as stress or overeating. With this in mind, leukocyte formulas have been developed that allow to determine the level of deviation of the results of studies from the norm.

Leukocytosis

True leukocytosis implies the destruction of the bone marrow and the release of white bodies from it. There is another option: redistribution leukocytosis. With it, an increase in the level of leukocytes is associated with the circulation of those cells that are usually attached to a single permanent place in the body. The change in the number of white bodies during the day is explained by redistribution. Usually the level of white blood cells rises slightly in the evening, after eating, and in the morning again goes down. In pathological cases, a significant excess of the norm of white blood cells can speak inflammatory processes, as well as the presence of infection. In the most severe situations, this indicates leukemia. This is a very serious illness, the consequences of which are unpredictable.

Leukopenia

The situation, when the level of white blood cells is lowered, is much less common. Usually its causes are the following factors:

1. Consequences of radiation in the form of radiation sickness.
2. Anemia, associated with a deficiency of vitamin B12.
3. Infectious diseases.
4. Oncological manifestations with metastases in the bone marrow.
5. The initial stage of leukemia.
6. The use of certain drugs.

It is necessary to consider each case of lowering the level of leukocytes strictly individually. After all, this can be a consequence not only of the disease, but also the physiological peculiarity of the organism. It should be borne in mind that the norm of leukocytes in the blood of men is 50 years less than in 16-year-olds. Of course, the differences are small, but they do exist. Therefore, do not make hasty conclusions and panic. The doctor, suspecting something wrong, will definitely appoint a detailed study that will make it possible to make an objective picture and, if necessary, to conduct an adequate course of treatment.

Types of leukocytes

The following types of leukocytes stand out:

- lymphocytes;
- monocytes;
- neutrophils;
- basophils;
Eosinophils.

Each of them has its own unique features. Knowing the level of their content in the body, we can draw certain conclusions. So, if the norm of leukocytes in the blood of men is observed, then we can say that the body functions with protective functions perfectly. Lymphocytes are endowed with a stunning and absolutely unique ability to remember the characteristics of body cells and distinguish between alien objects. In addition, they are characterized by immune memory, that is, they store information about all the microbes that they have ever encountered. When a foreign object gets into the body, lymphocytes meet it the very first. They are the primary link in the human immune system.

Neutrophils

These are the largest leukocyte cells, which constitute up to 98 percent of their total mass. They are able to move quickly to the focus of inflammation. If a bacterial or fungal infection occurs, neutrophils enter the affected tissue through the capillaries and try to cope with the pathogen independently. They do this by absorbing and dissolving diseased cells, after which they die and disintegrate.

Eosinophils

These cells also actively move to the affected areas and destroy harmful objects. In addition, they perform an important antihistamine and antiallergic role. Can bind allergens, blocking their effect.

Monocytes

These cells carry out phagocytosis of larger elements, for example, damaged tissues. After that, monocytes do not perish, but they clean the affected area and prepare it for recovery.

Basophils

This is the smallest type of leukocytes. Basophiles constitute only 1 percent of their total number. This is a real "first aid" for intoxication, as well as with dangerous bites of poisonous insects. Thanks to the presence in basophils of substances such as serotonin, histamine, prostaglandin, they block the poisons entering the tissues and prevent them from spreading throughout the body.

History

Very significant contribution to the study of leukocytes and their effect on the protective functions of the organism was made by P. Ehrlich and I. Mechnikov. The latter discovered the presence of such a process as phagocytosis. Based on this study, he made a number of discoveries. Thus, Mechnikov became the founder of the phagocytic theory of immunity. In 1908, both scientists for their services to humanity were awarded the Nobel Prize jointly.

Finally

All kinds of leukocytes are very important. If the level of at least one of them is lowered or increased, the immune system will primarily suffer from this. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that an annual blood test be performed. This will help to see problems in time and eliminate them.

If a doctor, after appointing a general analysis, say, to a seventy-year-old patient, sees that the norm of leukocytes in the blood of men of 60 years is not observed, he will assign a more detailed study describing the level of each type of blood cells. Be healthy!