Nephritic syndrome

Nephritic syndrome is a complex of symptoms that resemble acute nephritis (kidney disease). This includes the appearance of edema of the face, increased proteinuria, the onset of hypertension, impaired renal function, increased coagulability of the blood. In some cases, this disease is supplemented with kidney failure, eclampsia, as well as vomiting, muscle cramps, and hiccough.

Nephrotic syndrome (in children and young men in particular) manifests itself suddenly, in a short period of time after the effect of the provoking factor, for example, cooling or sore throat. It often develops at the initial stage of development of nephritis, with the disease of lupus erythematosus, periarteritis, vasculitis and testifies to the progressive development of the disease.

This syndrome is seen as the result of many pathological conditions that lead to an increase in the permeability of the capillary walls. This phenomenon occurs due to immune disorders, toxicity to the body, metabolic disturbances, development of dystrophic processes.

Isolate the primary and secondary nephrotic syndrome. The clinic of one and the second depends on the causes of the disease and is expressed in the formation of edema, which first appear on the face, then in the lower back, in the genital area and spread into the subcutaneous tissue. Often anemia, hematuria develops, dyspnea appears, cardiac rhythm is broken, ESR increases. Patients complain of weakness, headaches, dry mouth, loss of appetite.

Possible complications in this type of disease. They are manifested in the form of infections, for example, sepsis, pneumonia, pleurisy, thrombosis of the renal veins, brain edema, nephrotic crisis.

Let us consider in more detail what kind of nephritic syndrome is.

Primary is the result of kidney disease, the leading place among which is glomerulonephritis. This syndrome assumes minimal changes in the human body and occurs in both children and adults.

Secondary is the result of many diseases in which the kidneys are not immediately involved in the development of the pathological process. These can include diseases such as diabetes mellitus, malaria, syphilis, tuberculosis, hepatitis, as well as stings of bees or snakes, etc.

It is necessary to know that nephritic syndrome can occur with minimal changes in the body (in childhood), since a good reaction to corticosteroids is observed. However, the course of the disease depends on many factors, such as the age of the patients, the causes of the disease, clinical manifestations, morphological features, therapies, and the presence of complications.

To make the correct diagnosis is not difficult and does not require the use of special studies. In this case, it is sufficient to study the external manifestations of the syndrome. Complexity causes the establishment of the cause of nephrotic syndrome, so a complete examination of the patient is carried out for this.

In the disease "nephritic syndrome" treatment involves, in the first place, reasonable physical activity to exclude the development of thromboses. Patients are assigned a special diet. Diuretics, corticosteroids and cytostatics are prescribed. However, before you can prescribe these drugs, you should conduct a complete clinical examination of a person, which also includes a kidney biopsy.

Nephrotic syndrome often affects children between the ages of two to five years and adults between the ages of twenty to forty. In some cases, the disease can develop in newborns.