Interpretation of the text: examples, problems, methods. Analysis and interpretation of the poetic text

Each of us faces daily the need to interpret a certain amount of information. Whether it's basic communication, professional duty or something else, we all have to "translate" common words and expressions into a language that is understandable to us.

general information

The phrase "interpretation of the text" provokes rather contradictory associations. Someone has something connected with something very complicated, boring, necessarily scientific, all the blame, most likely, the first part of the term. The word "interpretation" is interpreted as the work of thinking, consisting in deciphering the meaning of a phenomenon for its understanding and subsequent work with it, and if we interpret this long and complex sentence into an understandable language, then we can say that the interpretation is the adaptation of the text for one's own perception And understanding. In principle, everything is not so difficult, it is enough to understand the principle of working with the text, not only written, but also oral, and also to realize the importance of individuality and subjectivity in the perception of information.

Why is this necessary?

To begin with, let's define what a laborious process of interpreting the text is for. Most often it is associated with the analysis necessary for the subsequent creation of your own text, such as in the GIA and EGE assignments, where you need to write a statement. In this case, interpretation, understanding of texts is the key to success. But at the same time, the ability to correctly work with written information is important not only in exams, but also in everyday life. So, from our ability to understand written text, the ability to basic communication largely depends on the basic ability of any member of the society: incorrect interpretation of the text can lead to misunderstanding, and if in the case of literary works this does not pose any danger, the incorrect perception of the text within the framework of communication can Lead to conflicts, which is definitely a serious problem.

And now scientifically

Interpretation of the texts of literature as a separate science took shape only in the twentieth century. She became known as "hermeneutics". Some researchers say that the main task of this field of knowledge is "to get so accustomed to the text as to understand it better than the author himself". Usually this science is considered within the framework of philosophy, but to reject its independence is meaningless.

Origins

With interpretation we come across in early childhood. Of course, there are some common concepts and representations that are universal for all children, but as soon as the child begins to show individuality, the first features of the perception of various phenomena appear. Everything begins with pictures and drawings, and later with a reading skill, the peculiarities of interpretations are transferred to works.

Some researchers say that unusual reactions are signs of pathology in the development of children, but at the same time everything can be explained by the non-standard thinking of children manifested at such a young age. It is likely that this is how geniuses are born who see the world quite differently. In no case should children be punished for their unusualness, on the contrary, it should be encouraged and fully developed.

A little bit about school methods

Within the framework of the school curriculum, such methods of interpreting the text as an exposition and an essay are considered. If in the first case everything is clear: you need to understand the source text, understand the author's intention and reflect it in your own work, then with writing everything is much more interesting. Here the main interpretation of the text is used. Examples of such activities are an essay-continuation, where the student's task is to develop a storyline started by the author, or an essay-response in which one wants to express his attitude to the author's position, naturally, justifying it.

The most difficult kind of composition is thought, in which a detailed analysis and interpretation of the text is necessary. It is they who will become the basis for an absolutely independent work, connected with the original only with the basic thoughts and statements about which the student will speak.

Let's turn to poetry

It is difficult to say what is more difficult: the interpretation of a poetic text or work with prose. The peculiarity of the literary language is the ambiguity of words, which makes understanding much more difficult: one and the same concept can be interpreted quite differently, especially if it is a word that has changed its lexical meaning over time, for example, the "three-person" in the modern sense is a pupil, Receiving not the best marks, whereas in the texts of the nineteenth and early twentieth century, it will be a coachman who rules a troika of horses.

Another problem is the interpretation of the poetic text - the trail. Parables, metaphors and epithets, not always understandable to the common man in the street, become a real catastrophe, especially for a modern schoolboy, to whom many concepts of classical literature are alien. In addition, people perceive phenomena in different ways, so one can not say with absolute certainty that the interpretation of the poetic text will be correct if individual interpretation of concepts is possible.

The Prose of Life

Interpretation of the prose text is associated with the same difficulties as the poetic text. Again different, individual interpretation of individual concepts, again incomplete understanding of words - it is easier only that in prose there are usually less means of artistic expression, and, as a rule, they do not complicate the understanding of the text.

In principle, for a successful interpretation, you can do an exact "translation", if you can call this phenomenon - to clearly check the lexical meaning of each word of the proposed fragment, to select the optimal combinations for the expression of thought - to rewrite the text almost entirely, completely relying on synonymous constructions. And you can use a technique that linguists call a language conjecture: in this case, it is not necessary to know the exact meaning of each word, it becomes clear from the situation.

The second method demonstrates a fairly high level of language proficiency, but at the same time it does not provide 100% accuracy of interpretation. The pluses of this method can be attributed to the fact that the same word can have a number of lexical meanings, different in their hue (so, "ambitiousness" can be both positive and negative quality depending on the context), and a language conjecture It makes it possible to avoid monotonous searches for the correct meaning, simply by demonstrating the necessary semantic hue in the text.

Maybe not?

Interpretation of the text, and any, it is possible and without a clear definition of the lexical meaning of each individual word. Depends everything on how deep understanding of the text is necessary. For example, to everyone the well-known phrase of the linguist Shcherba " Shaggy curly kutra shteko curled her bokra and curled her side." None of the words in the submitted sentence does not matter, but at the same time, the interpretation of the text is possible: someone has shown aggression towards the adult, and now he continues to take very little action aimed at the cub. In this situation, concretization is not necessary.

Very interesting are such tasks for children: exercises of this kind will allow them to maximize their creative abilities, enabling them to form a unique system of images based on individual perception of the text: everyone will see the same "curly-haired Kurd" in his own way, like a bokra with a bokrionkom.

Foreign languages

A separate case for consideration is the interpretation of an artistic text in a foreign language. Here, national traditions, ethnic features, even some regional aspects of the language that are peculiar only to a particular locality can play their role.

Working with this text is more like your own work: the main idea is retained, and everything else is simply rewritten from scratch, completely from scratch, already adapted for understanding the reader, far from the features of the original language.

This is real art - a correct interpretation of the text. Examples are Shakespeare's sonnets in the translations of Marshak or Pasternak. First, the same sonnet for each of these poets sounds differently - this is the brightest example of an individual interpretation of an artistic text, and secondly, some researchers note that Russian translations are much more imaginative than English-language originals due to the lexical features of the language, which again Allows us to note the role of interpretation in the perception of the text.

Conclusion

Interpretation of the text, as it became clear, is far from such a simple thing as it seems at first glance. There are a lot of different nuances, each of which can play a huge role in understanding the text. Another good example of interpretation can be the adaptation of the text to readers of different levels: thus, some literary works are deliberately simplified, making them accessible to the understanding of children, for example, young children, for whom the abundance of means of artistic expressiveness can become a serious obstacle in understanding.

To underestimate the importance of interpreting a text is a real crime. Everyone should realize that only a correct "translation" will allow him to enter into successful relations with the society, cope with educational and professional difficulties, and in principle solve a number of problems that arise in our daily life. It should be noted that the concept of interpretation given at the beginning of this article can be extended not only to written texts, literary works, for example, but also to daily communication between people. From this nothing changes: the interpretation of words, a full understanding of their meanings gives the person the opportunity to comprehensively evolve, showing the maximum of his creative abilities, on which the interpretation of this or that phenomenon depends.