Examples of comparison in the literature are in prose and poems. Definition and examples of comparisons in Russian

You can talk endlessly about the beauty and richness of the Russian language. These arguments are just another reason to get involved in such a conversation. So, comparisons.

What is a comparison

In fact, the term is multi-valued. This fact is confirmed by endless examples of comparison, observed by us in everyday life. In colloquial speech, it is, rather, the assimilation of different objects, the assertion that they are equal or similar.

In mathematics, the term "comparison" is intertwined with the analogous concept of "relation". Comparing numbers by equality or inequality, we find the difference between them.

A comparison is also called the process of comparing the similarities and differences, disadvantages and advantages of several objects. As the examples show, comparisons in such sciences as philosophy, psychology, sociology are some kind of cognitive operations that underlie arguments about the similarities and differences in the objects studied. With the help of comparisons reveal all kinds of characteristics of these objects or phenomena.

Comparison in the literature: definition and examples

Stylistic and literary comparisons have a slightly different meaning. These are figures of speech, stylistic devices in which certain phenomena or objects are likened to others by some common feature. The method of comparison can be simple, then in circulation, there are usually certain words. Among them are: "how", "like", "like", "exactly." But there is an indirect method of comparison: in this case, the comparison is made with the help of a noun in the instrumental case without a preposition. Example: "Onegin lived an anchorite" ("Eugene Onegin" by Alexander Pushkin).

Comparisons and metaphors

Comparisons are inextricably linked with another literary concept, a metaphor - an expression used in a figurative sense. Actually, the metaphor is based on a comparison that is not expressed directly. For example, A. Blok's line "Running the streams of my poems" is a typical metaphor (the word "streams" is used in a figurative sense). But the same line is also a comparison: the poems run like streams.

It is interesting to use metaphorical techniques in the case of the so-called negative comparison. Examples of comparison can easily be found in the epics. "Not two clouds in the sky converged, two clever knights came together" - in this sample of the Old Russian epic both the resemblance of menacing warriors to dark terrible clouds are emphasized, and their identity is denied, and an absolutely amazing general picture is drawn.

Negative comparisons, more characteristic of works of folk art and their folklore stylizations, play a special role in the perception of the artistic image. Here is a line from the work of A. Nekrasov: "It's not a hound in the oak-tree, it's blowing, a dirty head is screaming-a young widow is chopping, scooping and chopping wood." The second part of the expression (Crying ...) and itself is self-sufficient, completely conveys the required meaning. But only the combination of both parts of the sentence allows you to feel all the bitterness, all the tragedy of what happened.

Means of expressiveness of language

Comparisons help to explain concepts or phenomena, comparing them with other objects - sweet, like honey, sour, like vinegar. But the main goal is not to emphasize the characteristic properties of the object. The main thing is figurative, the most accurate expression of author's thought, because one of the most powerful means of expressiveness is comparison. Examples from the literature brilliantly illustrate its role in the formation of the image necessary to the author. Here is a line of creation from M.Yu. Lermontov: "Harun ran faster than a deer, faster than a hare from an eagle." One could simply say: "Harun fled very fast" or "Harun fled with great speed." But, being absolutely true in nature, such phrases would not have achieved even to a small degree the effect that is inherent in Lermontov's lines.

Features

Paying tribute to the comparisons as powerful expressors of the peculiarities of Russian speech, many researchers were amazed at the rationality of these comparisons. It would seem, and here reasoning? After all, from comparisons no one requires special accuracy, literalness! But there are different examples of comparison, lines belonging to different people. "There were fireball canes like glasses with bloody wine" (N. Zabolotsky) and "Looks like fate, on the market you are a butcher, whose knife is bloodied from the tip to the handle" (Hakani). For all the dissimilarity of these expressions, they are distinguished by a common feature. Both phrases tell of utterly ordinary things (about red flowers, about the difficult human fate) and, recorded in a slightly different form, could easily be lost in any text. But the use of comparisons ("glasses with bloody wine", "butcher's knife") proved to be exactly that stroke, which deliberately added to the simple words a special expressiveness and emotionality. Probably, therefore, in songs and romantic poems, where the emotional mood is already strong, comparisons are even less common than in a realistic narrative.

Examples of comparisons in Russian

Russian language is considered one of the most difficult. And at the same time, the creations of Russian classics in the world are recognized as the brightest, original, talented. It seems that there is an inextricable link between these facts. The difficulty of learning a language consists in a large number of features, possibilities, and rules present in it. But this also opens up a vast space for a talented writer who managed to master cunning tricks. The Russian language is indeed very rich: it contains truly limitless possibilities that allow you to turn a conventional word into a bright visual image, make it sound in a new way, so that it remains forever in your memory. Especially poetic works have this. "Our life in old age is a worn robe: and it is ashamed to wear it, and it's a pity to leave it." This line by P. Vyazemsky is an excellent example of the use of comparisons in literary creation.

On the work of A.S. Pushkin

The great poet was a recognized genius of mastery of the most complicated literary devices. The comparisons used in his poems and poems strike with their surprise and at the same time accuracy and accuracy.

"His beaver collar is silvered with frosty dust" - this is a line from the poem "Eugene Onegin". Only a few words, but before my eyes a capital boulevard, covered with snow, emerges, and a young dandy going to the ball. And then the episode at the ball: "I went in: the cork in the ceiling, the current of the comet blew up the current." Write Pushkin, that the footman uncorked a bottle of champagne, he would not depart from the truth. But would such a picture of an unusual, festive, sparkling fun come to light so clearly?

And this is already from the poem "The Bronze Horseman": "And before the young capital, old Moscow faded, like before the new tsarina a porphyry widow". Is it possible to accurately convey the atmosphere of some patriarchy and even abandonment that reigned in Moscow after the capital of Russia was named the city of Petra? "Enemies and captivating old wave let the Finnish waves forget!" - this is how the waters of the Neva were encased in granite. Yes, probably, this could be stated without comparison, but would the pictures painted by the author appear so clearly before our eyes?

And more about Russian poetic creativity

Remarkable examples of the use of comparative images are enough in the work of other Russian poets. Amazing comparisons in the poem Bunin's "Childhood" accurately convey the atmosphere of a hot summer day, the feeling of a child who enjoys the sun and the scents of the forest. The author's sand is silk, the tree trunk is a giant, and the sun-drenched summer forest is the solar chambers.

No less remarkable, although completely different examples are present in the works of other Russian masters of the word. Comparisons in Esenin's poem "Good morning!" Open the reader to the summer dawn. Golden stars doze, instead of river water - a mirror of the backwater, green earrings on birches, silver dews burn, and nettle was dressed with bright mother-of-pearl. In fact, the entire poem is one big comparison. And what a beautiful thing!

Comparisons in S. Yesenin's work can be said for a long time - before all they are bright, imaginative and at the same time unlike. If in the composition "Good morning" the atmosphere is light, joyful, pleasant, then when reading the poem "Black Man" there is a feeling of gravity, even catastrophe (not for nothing that it is considered a kind of requiem for the author). And this atmosphere of despair is also formed due to unusually accurate comparisons!

The "Black Man" is a tragically original poem. A kind of black man, whether arising in a dream, or in the delirious delirium of the author. Yesenin is trying to understand what kind of vision this is. And then a whole series of brilliant comparisons: "It's like a grove in September, brain alcohol spills," "My head is waving with its ears like a bird's wings, it's no longer possible to stretch my legs around my neck," "In December, in that country, the snow to the devil is pure, And snowstorms start spinning. " You read these lines and you see everything: both a bright frosty winter, and great human despair.

Conclusion

You can express your thoughts in different ways. But some have faded and dull phrases, or even incoherent babbling, while others have luxurious flowery pictures. Comparisons and other artistic techniques allow you to achieve imagery of speech, both written and oral. And do not neglect this wealth.