Ventilation: types of ventilation. Requirements for ventilation. Installation of ventilation

Installation of a ventilation system allows you to make living in an apartment or house much more comfortable. Modern designs of this kind are distinguished by reliability, durability, efficiency in operation and relative simplicity in installation. There are several types of ventilation systems, of which we will talk later in the article.

Types of constructions

So, let's figure out what kind of ventilation can be in the house or apartment. Types of ventilation at the moment used are:

• With natural air circulation. Such systems are installed in most of the old city apartments and country houses. In this case, there is a natural air exchange between the room and the street. The flow of air through the cracks in the doors and frames of windows. Spent contaminated streams are removed through a specially installed exhaust riser.
• Economical ventilation. In this case, the exhaust ducts are installed in the attic. A fan is inserted in them. Under the windows at the same time holes are drilled in the walls, into which the valves are mounted. The latter open simultaneously with the start of the fan.
• Supply of technical ventilation. In this case, the walls of the house in the walls are installed fans. These devices take the air from the street and drive it into the heater in winter, and then into the air ducts leading to the rooms. Fan control is performed by the automation system through temperature sensors or via a timer with an established on / off time.
• Forced ventilation. In this case, the flows control (provides their supply from the street, distribution of rooms and removal) a special device. Ducts are stretched through the rooms at the same time.

Requirements for ventilation

Of course, the design of such a design should be made taking into account all the prescribed standards and rules. Which ones, we will consider further. So:

• In residential buildings, air exchange of at least 3 m ³ per hour per square meter - this is something that must necessarily provide ventilation. Types of ventilation are selected, including in accordance with this indicator. It can be determined as a sum of air exchange in different premises of an apartment or a house:

The rules that must be observed when assembling

When installing the ventilation itself, the following recommendations should be observed:

• Elements of the supply branch on the street should be located not less than 1 m from the height of the snow cover in winter.
• Also, they should be located at a height of at least 2 m from the ground.
• In any case, the level of ventilation in a residential apartment or house according to domestic standards should provide a single change of air per hour, according to European standards - 1.3 volumes per hour.

Advantages and disadvantages of natural ventilation

Such systems are usually installed in small houses. In this case, ventilation of buildings is carried out due to the difference in temperatures in the rooms and on the street. Getting into the riser, the exhausted streams rise upward and are thrown out onto the street.

The effectiveness of natural ventilation depends on several factors:

• Height and diameter of the riser.
• Wind forces on the street.
• Physical properties of the material used to make the riser.

To advantages of systems with natural circulation of air it is possible to attribute first of all simplicity of installation and cheapness. Maintenance of ventilation of this type is not anything complicated. It is enough to check the operation of the riser from time to time, bringing the lighter to it. In case of a blockage, you will simply need to clean up.

The shortcomings of such systems include low efficiency of work, large heat losses in the premises during the winter period, the appearance of condensation due to the sudden arrival of cold air.

Advantages and disadvantages of economical ventilation

This version provides a somewhat more efficient air exchange in the premises of the house. In this case, a good airing can be arranged in all rooms. In addition, streams flow because of the fan's work much faster. In the installation of such systems are also very simple, and their installation is inexpensive. Their disadvantage is, first of all, large heat losses during the winter period.

Supply structure

What else can be installed in the house or apartment ventilation? Types of ventilation of the supply air type - the option is quite convenient and is also often used for airing dwellings. This version of the system is cheaper than the supply-exhaust recuperative systems. It works less efficiently than the latter, but better than natural ventilation. Such systems are usually, however, used only for airing the premises of a house with not too polluted air - bedrooms, offices, etc.

Advantages and disadvantages of forced supply and exhaust systems

Installation of ventilation of this type is usually carried out in large houses. At the moment, the forced system is considered the most effective. Modern designs of this type are able to provide ventilation at home in the volume of 150-600 m ³ per hour. In the supply and exhaust ventilation section, in addition to the supply and exhaust fans, in this case one more device is usually installed - a recuperator. It is necessary in order to take heat from the air ejected from the room and give it to the inflow.

Of course, such systems are quite expensive. Maintenance of ventilation forced type - it's also not an easy task. In case of need of repair it is necessary to call specialists. And in the installation and design of such systems are very complex.

Assembling the system

Next, let's see how the forced intake and exhaust ventilation is assembled. Types of ventilation easier to install themselves. Work on the drafting of recuperative systems is often commissioned by specialists. Actually the very installation of such a system - the procedure is also very responsible.

It is best if the job is done by professionals. However, further - in order for you to have a general idea of what this event is - we will briefly review the main stages of building such a system:

• After drawing up the project in the walls in the right places, drill holes for air ducts.
• In them insert nozzles equipped with reverse-draft valves and adapters.
• Next in the attic or in a specially allocated room on a level platform set up a unit with fans and recuperator.
• After that, they begin to install the air ducts. It is most convenient to use flexible ones. They are passed behind wall decoration, stretch ceilings or in ceilings. To each room should fit two pipes - supply and exhaust.
• After the installation has been completed, the main lines are connected to the branch pipes in the walls by one side, the second one is connected to the unit recuperator. Which air duct, to which of its nozzle to connect, is indicated in the instructions to this equipment.

How to choose a unit with fans and recuperator

So, how the installation of ventilation is done, we have found out. Next, let's see how to choose the right equipment. When buying a unit of supply and exhaust ventilation, first of all, you should pay attention to two main parameters - productivity and pressure. Also important are the following factors:

• Noise level. Of course, the less it is, the better.
• Heat exchanger efficiency. Models with high performance in this regard can save more electricity.
• Dimensions of the unit. Modern devices usually have very small dimensions. However, to make sure that the unit is fit in the space allocated for it, it is still worth it.
• A variety of filters. They have to change quite often. Therefore, it is better to buy those models in which this component is not too expensive.

Ventilation and air conditioning

Of course, modern homes use not only ventilation systems. Almost always simultaneously with them in the rooms are installed air conditioners. There are several options for synchronous use of these two systems:

• Most often, ventilation is installed separately from the air conditioner. In this case they work as independent systems. The option is quite convenient. He has only one drawback. Due to the complexity of the exact choice of the location of the ventilation grilles and air conditioners, zones of uncomfortable temperature may appear in some areas of the house.
• Sometimes the houses use ventilation and air conditioning in one system. This is also a fairly convenient option. In this case, a very powerful channel air conditioner with a mix of air currents is installed in the attic. From it all the rooms are assigned to the main roads. The merits of such a system can be attributed primarily to the fact that its design elements do not disfigure the design of rooms. All of them are hidden behind the ceiling finish. The disadvantage of such structures is the impossibility of regulating the temperature in this particular room.
• Duct conditioners are installed, as a rule, in ordinary houses. Office and industrial ventilation (in small shops), as well as ventilation of large country cottages are carried out on a similar principle. However, in this case the main element of the system is the central air conditioner. Its distinctive feature is that it is a full-fledged supply and exhaust system, into which a cooling section is simply added. Channel device, in fact - this is a conventional air conditioner, to which you can connect the supply branch of the duct.
• Another option of combining air conditioning and ventilation is the use of separate channel air conditioners in each room. Such designs combine all the advantages of the first and second methods. That is, the rooms look aesthetically pleasing, and in each of them the most comfortable temperature can be set. The disadvantage of this design is only their high cost and complexity in the installation.

With the help of modern ventilation systems and air conditioning systems, you can make life in a country house or a city apartment as comfortable and comfortable as possible. Of course, the installation of complex and most sophisticated designs of this type will not be expensive. But the effect of their application will be more than noticeable.