Bitumen oil road viscous (GOST)

Bitumen is a material widely used in construction, characterized by excellent hydrophobic and adhesive properties. It is used mainly in the asphalting of highways. Also very often this material is used as a waterproofing agent for the erection of buildings and structures. In this article, in all details, we will understand what bitumen is, what its properties and scope are.

Definition

Bitumen is called a dense viscous resin-like substance of black color. It is supplied usually in pieces, which are melted at high temperatures before use . The composition of bitumen is very complex. It is a compound of a hydrocarbon base with its derivatives, as well as metals, oxygen and nitrogen. There are also heteroorganic compounds in this material. In general, the composition of bitumen is so rich that the identification of all its components is simply impossible.

How is it produced

The main product used for the preparation of bitumen is oil. There are only three basic ways of producing this material:

1. Concentration of oil residues by vacuum distillation. The final product is soft and fusible. By this method, bitumens are obtained from high-sulfur (sulphurous) oil.
2. Oxidation of tar (oil residue) by blowing it with oxygen at a temperature of +180 ... + 300 degrees. With this method, a thermally stable elastic material is obtained.
3. Mixing of residual and oxidized petroleum products with distillates.

Natural bitumen

Most often this material is made artificially by the three technologies described above. However, there is also a natural bitumen, the characteristics and application of which are about the same as those of the usual one. It is located in nature in oil fields and forms peculiar lenses. In its pure form, natural bitumen is practically not found. Most often it impregnates a sedimentary layer. Usually these are rocks such as sandstone or limestone. In this case, pure natural bitumen is obtained by pre-grinding stones. Sometimes such asphalt rock is simply carefully rubbed and used in road construction.

Types of bitumen in terms of use

In terms of application, this material is divided into four large groups:

• Building bitumen. It is used for waterproofing walls, foundations, wooden structures immersed in the ground, etc.
• Roofing. It is used to protect the roofs of residential, industrial and public buildings from moisture.
• Asphalt road oil bitumen. The most common option used to prepare asphalt.
• Insulating. It is used for protection against moisture and corrosion of metal pipelines.

Road bitumen

When building roads, this hydrophobic material is used most often. There are two main types of road bitumen:

• Viscous. Obtained from oil.
• Liquid. This variety is made of viscous bitumen. As a diluent, oil products are used.

Viscous petroleum bitumen is used in the construction of highways in the warm season. Liquid material is used in cold season. The viscous bitumen is heated to the melting point before laying. The liquid material can be used both cold and warm. After a while after laying, due to oxidative processes, this bitumen thickens and gives a dense, moisture-proof elastic film.

What characteristics are worth paying attention to when buying

There are only three main parameters by which you can determine the quality of bitumen:

• A softening point index;
• Ductility (the degree of viscosities of the bitumen thread);
• Penetration (viscosity).

The last figure is determined by immersion in the bitumen of a needle or cone at a certain temperature.

Marking

To find out which bitumen for which type of work is intended is very easy. For this you need to look at the markings.

• The building bitumen is marked with BN letters.
• Road - BN or BND.
• Roofing - BNK.

After the letters in the marking are two figures through the oblique slash. The first number indicates the softening point, the second indicates the viscosity. The latter is determined by immersion in the needle bitumen at a temperature of 25 ° C.

Grades of viscous road bitumen

As already mentioned, such material is supplied in pieces or in barrels. When asphalting is used BN (oil) and BND (bitumen oil road). According to GOST, only ten types of this material are produced (MFD from 200/300 to 40/60, BN from 200/300 to 60/90).

Liquid road bitumen

This material is marked separately. There are only two of its varieties:

1. SG - thickening with medium speed.
2. MG - thickening slowly. This variety is used in road construction in II-V climatic zones.

After the letters in this case, two figures also go through the slash, indicating the permissible range of ductility (at a temperature of 60 ° C with a hole of 5 mm on the viscometer).

When buying a lot, you need to check the certificate (passport) for bitumen oil road liquid. Mark SG, just like MG, MND and BN, must comply with GOST +. Let's talk about what this document is like below.

Safety when working with bitumen

Be careful with this material. Bitumen can ignite. The fire hazard of a particular brand is determined by an indicator such as the flash point. In viscous building, road, roofing and insulating bitumen, it is higher, for liquid ones it is lower. Therefore, when working with the latter should be especially accurate.

In addition, in the performance of operations related to the application, storage, transportation, etc. of bitumen in accordance with the rules of industrial safety, it is necessary to put on special clothing. This prevents the worker from getting on the skin of heated, difficult-to-clean drops.

Quality passport of bitumen

The bitumen sold by enterprises must comply with GOST 2245-90. However, today many companies produce products of this kind with improved characteristics. Therefore, to the bitumen of a particular brand are attached special certificates certified by the heads of laboratories, also called passports. They include parameters such as penetration, ductility, softening temperature of the product, and so on.

Such a document is issued not only for viscous, but also for bitumen, oil road liquid MG. The quality passport is a guarantee of conformity of the material characteristics with the declared manufacturer. The seal of the company is mandatory on the document.

Of course, there must be a passport for bitumen liquid oil road SG, as well as roofing and insulating. To new brands of this material it is possible to carry, for example, BND-U and Euro BV. In relation to them, the quality standards are determined not by GOST, but by technical regulations and technical regulations. In the production of Euro BV, the requirements of the European standard EN 12591 are also taken into account.

The most common brands

In construction, bitumen is used most often as oil road 90/10. Manufacturers produce and sell it in huge quantities. With it, waterproofing foundations, underground parts of wooden supporting structures, inter-panel seams, cellars and walls. From another quite popular brand, BN 70/30, it is distinguished by a higher melting point. This expands the scope of its use, since the film it gives is capable of withstanding a large heating temperature.

Bitumen of oil road MG130 / 200 is often used for the construction of automobile highways. Apply it usually in those regions where the air temperature in winter does not fall below 20 ^o C. This material forms a reliable and very smooth roadway.

Further we present to the attention of the reader a table with the main characteristics (according to GOST) of these two varieties of bitumens.

Bitumen oil road, building and roofing is a material, in the market unusually claimed. It is released today by many companies. Therefore, choosing a quality product will not be difficult. The main thing is to pay attention to marking and buy the most suitable variant in this particular case.