The human body: a diagram. What sciences study the human body?

The way the human body is arranged from the inside, interested people from the very antiquity. Even when the basic laws on which people lived were ecclesiastical, prohibiting the study of the structure of the body, there were scientists and naturalists who, in spite of everything, uncovered the corpses of animals and people and engaged in the study and study of all the details of interest.

The desire for knowledge in this area could not be overcome. Therefore, in the course of time, it was nevertheless clarified how the human body is arranged. The scheme, the drawing of each organ and system were fixed by artists, testers, doctors, scientists, thanks to this, the multiple sciences that exist today exist.

Development of knowledge about the structure of the human body

As far back as the 5th century BC , a man named Crimson lived in Craton. It was he who first expressed a desire to study the internal structure of living organisms, so he uncovered the dead bodies of animals. His main merit is the assumption of the relationship between the senses and the brain.

Later, approximately from 460 BC, a more conscious and intensive development of knowledge in this area begins. A great contribution to understanding what the human body is (the scheme of its structure, the topography of internal organs have also been described), were made by the following scientists:

1. Hippocrates.
2. Aristotle.
3. Plato.
4. Herofil.
5. Claudius Galen.
6. Avicenna.
7. Leonardo da Vinci.
8. Andreas Vesalius.
9. William Garvey.
10. Casparo Azelli.

Thanks to these people, a general outline of the structure of the human body was drawn up. There was a knowledge about the functional features, systems of organs, tissues and their significance, as well as other very important things.

The XVII century for all sciences was a period of stagnation, and this area considered by us did not pass. But later the scheme of the human body (the figure you can see below) was significantly enlarged, clarified and transformed due to numerous discoveries. A new technique has appeared that makes it possible to study microstructures, the methods of experiment, observation, and comparison have been intensively applied. A special contribution was made by:

• C. Darwin;
• Schleiden and Schwann;
• Descartes;
• Lomonosov;
• Protasov;
• Shumlyansky;
• Pies;
• Lesgaft;
• Mukhin;
• Carl Baer;
• Wolf;
• Pander;
• Sechenov;
• Mechnikov;
• Pavlov and others.

Thus, the human body was thoroughly studied, the scheme became complete and reflects all available organs and systems. Today, any schoolboy can consider both topography and a detailed description of each part of the body, to study the functions performed and the internal structure.

The general scheme "Man - a living organism"

If we talk about such a scheme, then it should be noted what exactly it contains. Firstly, it can be presented in different versions. Some such drawings and diagrams contain only verbal descriptions, classification of the internal structures of a person, reflect their interrelation and performed functions. Others, on the contrary, do not contain descriptions, but merely illustrate the topographical arrangement of organs in the body, show their mutual orientation, the general outline of the structure. It also reflects the system of organs. If you combine both options, then this scheme will be too cumbersome, difficult to perceive. The second type is often used.

Therefore, the scheme "Man - a living organism" includes the image of organs from the following systems of the body (in the case if the full version of the whole body is provided):

1. Cardiovascular and lymphatic. Here the scheme of bodies and channels of the person is in detail reflected.
2. Digestive system.
3. Musculoskeletal, or musculoskeletal.
4. Reproductive.
5. Excretory (urogenital is called the combined system of reproductive and excretory organs).
6. Nervous and endocrine systems.
7. Sensory, or sense and perception.

Thus, this scheme provides detailed information on the structure of the human body and the location of its organs. Also, there are many different tables and drawings, schemes in which the detailed microstructure of any organ is reflected. Describe all the features of the structure, functioning and location.

If you combine all these drawings, you get a whole book. Such publications are called "Human Biology in Tables and Schemes" and often greatly simplify the life of schoolchildren, students and teachers. After all, they briefly, capacitively and understandably set out all the basics necessary for a general idea of the structure of people.

Lymphogenesis system

Immunity plays a special role in maintaining the healthy state of the human body. But what is he like? It turns out that this is the system of lymph circulation, which is an important addition to the cardiovascular organs. In its composition - cells, which are called "lymphocytes." They are the role of the biological defender of the body against viruses and bacteria, foreign particles and all extraneous.

The human lymphatic system, the scheme of which is presented below, has a number of structures that make up it:

1. Trunks and ducts.
2. Capillaries.
3. Vessels.
4. The lymph nodes.

Together they form a network that is unclosed, in contrast to cardiovascular. Also in this system there is no central governing body. Lymphatic fluid (lymph) is a product of vital activity of the intercellular space, which under weak pressure moves along vessels and nodes, capillaries, trunks.

During a disease, for example, a cold, each person can feel an increase in the lymph nodes of his body. They are under the lower jaw, in the armpits, the groin area. To probe them is easy enough. This is confirmed by the fact that it is in them that the main battle with the disease occurs. Thus, the main barrier to disease is the human lymphatic system. Its scheme shows how exactly all the structural parts are located and how they are interrelated.

Digestive system

One of the most important in the body. After all, it is thanks to her work that a person receives nutrients for growth, development, energy for life processes. Without nutrients it is impossible to move, grow, think, and so on. After all, every process requires energy, which is the chemical bonds of nutrient molecules.

The scheme of the human digestive system shows which organs the network is composed of.

1. Oral cavity, including teeth, tongue, palate and inner muscular part of cheeks.
2. Pharynx and esophagus.
3. Stomach.
4. Digestive glands secreting secrets for digesting food.
5. Intestine, consisting of several departments: duodenum, thin and large intestine.

The cardiovascular system

It represents two circles of circulation, consisting of the main organ - the heart - and the arteries, vessels, capillaries that leave it. The total volume of blood of an adult is about 5 liters. However, the indicator varies depending on the body weight.

The heart is the central organ, capable of rhythmically contracting, pushing blood into the channel under certain pressure. It consists of four cells, closely connected with each other.

The human nervous system

One of the most difficult. Comprises:

• brain;
• Spinal cord;
• Nerve cells;
• Tissues.

Almost every piece of the human body contains nerve cells. They perceive irritation, transmit pain, warning of danger. Their structure is rather peculiar. The brain and spinal cord include a number of sections, each of which exercises close control over the work of one or another part of the body.

Sensor systems

There are five of them:

1. The visual analyzer.
2. Auditory.
3. Skin and muscle sensitivity.
4. Olfactory organs.
5. The taste analyzer.

All of them together constitute the human body. The structure diagram shows the parts from which the sensory system is composed, what features in the structure it has and what functions it performs.

Excretory system of man

The structure of this system includes the following bodies:

• Kidney;
• bladder;
• Ureters.

Another name for this system is excretory. The main function is the excretion of metabolic products, the release of the body from poisonous decomposition products.

The sciences that study the human body

There are several main ones. Although the number of them has significantly increased compared, for example, with the XVIII century. These are such sciences as:

• anatomy;
• physiology;
• hygiene;
• genetics;
• medicine;
• psychology.

Physiology deals with the issues of the functioning of a particular system. That is, her task is to answer the question: "How does this happen?" So, for example, it is this discipline that considers the mechanisms of changing sleep and wakefulness, and the features of the higher nervous activity of a person are studied.

Genetics and human hygiene

Genetics is engaged in studying the mechanisms of inheritance of certain features, as well as the causes and consequences of changes in the human chromosomal apparatus. Thanks to this science, people have learned to predict serious genetic abnormalities in the development of the fetus, to monitor this process and, if possible, to interfere and change its course.

Hygiene helps to answer the question: "Why cleanliness is needed and how to achieve health?" This science tells in detail about the rules of maintaining the purity of its body, the importance of this process, the mechanisms of immunity, which directly depend on the index of cleanliness, the level of bacteria and viruses. This discipline is relatively young, but no less important than all the others.

Psychology and Medicine

Psychology is a very complex and subtle science that penetrates the consciousness and higher nervous activity of a human being. It is designed to explain the basic mechanisms of the psychosomatic device of people. There are a number of sections of psychology that deal with all social issues relating to people (the psychology of family relations, age, experimental, and so on).

Medicine is the most important science that deals with human health issues. Naturally, it closely adjoins all other disciplines: physiology, anatomy, genetics, hygiene and psychology.

Fundamentals of medicine were born with humanity. After all, unfortunately, people always got sick. At all times, bacteria and viruses, hereditary (genetic) diseases and other ailments were walking next to them. Therefore, this science is one of the most important when it comes to the preservation of life and health.

There are many sections that fold medicine into a single whole: surgery, oncology, hematology, therapeutics, dermatology, traumatology and others. All of them are narrowly specialized on specific problems, have their own methods of studying the problem and resolving it.

In general, all the sciences that study the human body are a single whole. After all, their common goal is to study, consider, explain all parts of the body, learn to control each organ and every cell of the body.

Anatomy as the main science

Of course, the very first, historically developed science of man and his structure is anatomy. It was thanks to the development of this discipline that people became aware of what organs are in the human body, how they are located there (topography), how their work is arranged and on what principles.

Above we considered the main historical milestones in the development of knowledge about man. These are the stages of the development of anatomy. Those people whose names were named are the founders and fathers of this huge and important discipline.

The task of anatomy has always been one for all time - to study the internal structure and external morphological features of all organs and systems, as well as tissues. No wonder in translation from the Greek anatome - "dissection".