Reserves and national parks: the natural biosphere reserve Sayano-Shushensky

All the reserves and national parks are famous for their wonderful corners of untouched, pristine nature and picturesque natural landscapes. In Sayano-Shushensky, like a canyon, stunning panoramic views. Covered by light forests, unapproachable cliffs with steep cliffs stretched along the coasts of the Yenisei, on the water surface of which here and there you can see affable islets. The local Sayans, framing the Yenisei, strongly resemble the Norwegian fjords.

Location of the Sayano-Shushensky Reserve

In the Krasnoyarsk Territory, along the western coast of the Yenisei, the Sayano-Shushensky natural biosphere reserve spread out in the center of an inaccessible area with impenetrable rocky mountain ranges. It covered the territory of the Sayan and Naked mountain ranges, as well as part of the mountain chain formed by the Khemchik and Kantegir ranges.

The nature protection zone adjoins Shushensky, Ermakovskiy district and the Republic of Tuva. From the village of Shushenskoe to it - 300 kilometers. The reserve was organized around the man-made lake - Sayano-Shushensky reservoir.

Its task is to track the impact of the global experiment on natural ecosystems, to mitigate the damage from rising water in an artificial lake, to preserve the unique and typical natural ecosystems that have been formed for thousands of years in the Western Sayans.

Natural objects

The Sayano-Shushensky reserve is a region of practically undeveloped natural complexes. It strikes with the wildness and virginity of untouched nature. Landscapes here are heterogeneous. The dark coniferous taiga is gradually replaced by mountainous expanses. Forest tracts occupy almost 60% of the park's territory. On the rest of the square there are stone placers, loaches and rock curtains.

The relief is dominated by characteristic mountain landscapes. In the vast expanses that covered 390,000 hectares, the grandiose mountain chain of the Western Sayan spread out. It is formed by the Khemchi, Sayan, Kantegir, Ijir and other ranges, composed of ancient rocks.

The water system, which the Sayano-Shushensky reserve has, is formed by wayward mountain rivers, glacial moraine-pond lakes, the water area of the Sayano-Shushensky reservoir and mineral springs. The reservoir, together with the existing hydropower station and numerous bays, stretches along the eastern side of the nature protection zone. In the area of the river Idik-Tyk-Khem, where its sources are located, groundwater, dissolving and washing out not too hard rocks, formed extensive karst cracks, funnels and dips.

Flora

The Sayano-Shushenskaya nature protection zone, like many reserves and national parks, is at the junction of floristic regions. Its flora is characterized by a mixed type. The north is dominated by vegetation of the Sayano-Altai zone, and in the south - Central Asian. The different zones on the Sayan ridge are intertwined.

In the reserves grow plants from the Red Book, relic vegetation. Here the expanse of such endemics as bluegrass Altai and wheatgrass of Krylov. Ideal conditions for the growth of the Borodin catchment and the Yenisei and Baikal anemones. The soils of the reserve are covered with Bunge's chamber and with a blotch blown up.

There are valuable herbs in it. Maralem and the golden root, which were on the verge of extinction before the Sayano-Shushensky reserve was established, now nothing threatens. Relict vegetation here is represented by rhododendron Daurian and the heart of the touchy. There were corners in the nature protection zone suitable for the growth of the scribbler and the fescue Far Eastern fescue.

Fauna

The Sayano-Shushensky biosphere reserve is tightened with dark coniferous forests of taiga type. Cedars, spruce and fir dominate here. The main media forming the burden is the cedar forests - the owners of rich feed resources necessary for the life of animals. Most species of animals, not lacking food, create extensive areas, the density of the population in which is quite high.

The intermixed Altai, Mongolian and Sayan fauna ensured the richness of the fauna in the nature protection zone. The unique nature reserve Sayano-Shushenskiy became an abode of 50 species of mammals and 660 species of insects. Its conditions were approached by 15 species of fish and 4 species of reptiles. Nest here and birds. There are more than 200 varieties.

Protection of animals

The reserve is a kind of reserve, where they try to increase the populations of small mammals related to valuable hunting species. The density of sable, mink and wolverine ranges is still small. Forest tracts are inhabited by squirrels and lynxes, wood grouses and hazel grouses.

In the reserve is a unique collection of rare and endangered animals that are on the pages of the Red Book. Here the herds of forest reindeer, belonging to the Altai-Sayan population, and Siberian ibex are grazing. In the mountains, gently stepping, stealthy predators - snow leopards.

Large animals of the Sayano-Shushensky Reserve are represented by wolves, snow leopards and bears. There is a suggestion that individual individuals of the red wolf live here . From cloven-hoofed animals are found marals and roe deer, musk deer and mountain goats, deer and others. The meadows are flown by ordinary Apollos. Bees-carpenters pollinate a rich variety of vegetation.

Birds of the Biosphere Reserve

In the sky, soaring, looking for prey, numerous eagles and peregrine falcon, Saker Falcon and osprey. The pairs of the black stork nest along the deaf marshy and mountain high-growth forests. Crane-belladonna settled on dry steppe areas. On the ruins and ravines, in the rocky mountain gorges and among the deaf forests they arrange their houses for owls.

Nests of black-headed gulls, large seagulls, scattered over the islets of the gulfs of the Sayano-Shushensky reservoir. In the boggy lowlands there are small swans. Elegant birds arrange nests, entwined with moss and sedge, on bumps or dry islets near the coast.