Peeling of the placenta

The detachment of the placenta is one of the most common complications that occur during pregnancy. It occurs in this period in a woman of a hundred. This is most dangerous in the second trimester of pregnancy.

The placenta is an important organ that provides normal fetal development, hormone synthesis, gas exchange, protection from harmful factors, immune regulation. With defects of this structure, the process of growth of the future baby will be broken, which will be manifested by the appearance of developmental anomalies.

Placenta detachment occurs when this organ is enlarged or reduced. The cause of this phenomenon is hypoplasia, which is caused by genetic malfunctions. The result of an increase or decrease in the placenta may be malformations or mental retardation in a newborn child.

Exacerbation of chronic processes in the mother can cause anomalies in the size of this organ. Infections that penetrate the body during pregnancy also cause a delay in the growth of the placenta. The consequence of all these pathological processes is the disruption of the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the fetus. As a result of inadequate blood supply, its development is disturbed, which also leads to the appearance of various anomalies and vices. However, for sufficiently large sizes, placental abruption does not always occur .

Causes

The immediate factor that determines the structure of the placenta is the age of the pregnant woman. With age, the probability of detachment of this organ increases. This pattern is due to structural changes in the placenta, caused by a violation of trophism and innervation. Other factors leading to this pathological condition include hereditary and concomitant chronic diseases, tobacco smoking, the duration of the infertility period before conception.

Detachment of the placenta in the early stages of pregnancy is also possible. A characteristic forerunner of this condition is intense vomiting, which is characterized by a prolonged and persistent course. However, the probability of occurrence of this pathology is the highest in the second and third trimester of pregnancy. This is promoted by late gestosis and arterial hypertension in the mother. Other factors that lead to a similar condition are anomalies in the location and development of the placenta, infarcts of this organ, infectious inflammation and tumors.

Clinical picture

The detachment of the placenta is characterized by the following symptoms: pain localized in the abdomen, dizziness, lack of movement or fetal hyperactivity, bloody discharge from the vagina. Heavy forms are characterized by the appearance of anxiety, dyspnea, sweating, a sharp pallor of the skin, rapid pulse, lowering of temperature and blood pressure. In rare cases, the uterus ruptures.

Premature detachment of the placenta may be central and marginal. In the first case, a retropacental hematoma is formed, which represents the accumulation of blood located behind the placenta. The marginal detachment of the placenta starts from the periphery and gradually shifts to the center of the organ. This condition is less dangerous, since if it is prevented early in the future, the organ may continue to function.

Detachment of the placenta can also occur directly during childbirth. This condition is observed in multiple pregnancies. Treatment of this condition consists in the appointment of drugs that stimulate delivery or conduct cesarean section. A sign of detachment of the placenta during labor is the coloring of amniotic fluid by blood, meconium of a child.