Series of dynamics and their characteristics

Series of dynamics and their compilation are the main method in statistics, allowing to characterize the changes that have a certain phenomenon. They represent a chronological, temporal or dynamic sequence of indicators, which demonstrates the level of development.

Mandatory elements that have series of dynamics are the time and value of the indicator that is being investigated. The last component can be represented as a series level. Depending on this, the following types of series of dynamics are distinguished.

If the study focuses on the time indicator, then they are divided into interval and instantaneous series. If the data were taken over certain time periods, then this is the interval series. An example is the volume of products produced per month or year, the number of hours worked, and so on.

In the case where each individual level of the series shows the significance of the phenomenon at a particular moment, the series of dynamics are called moment series. As an example, you can use the indicator of the number of people at the beginning of the year or the number of materials per a certain number.

These two kinds of dynamics series have one more difference. The interval series contains more real information, that is, the total results of the work for a certain period of time. Moment series characterizes the phenomenon only at some point in time, that is, it is not a generalizing indicator.

Also, the series of dynamics are distinguished depending on the form of representation. Here we distinguish the series of averages, absolute and relative values.

Depending on the time intervals and the distances between the measurement dates, it is possible to identify complete and incomplete series having a certain chronology.
When time intervals or measurement dates have equal intervals and follow each other, they represent a complete series. For example, measuring a certain indicator for a certain number of each month and analyzing them. These series are called equidistant.

When the intervals are not observed and have different gaps, then these series of dynamics are considered incomplete.

To compile series of dynamics, it is necessary to collect statistical data. Information is taken on a specific territory, object and other factors. They must be comparable and identical.

Series containing numeric values must be ordered by time. Analysis can not be considered complete if some levels are missed. If some information can not be obtained, then they are replaced by the conditional indicators of the series of dynamics.

In order to carry out the analysis, it is necessary to describe the nature of the changes and to calculate the average indicators. The following data is used for this:

1. The growth rate of the phenomenon.
2. Absolute increase.
3. Rates of growth.
4. Absolute value, which is inherent in one percent of the increase.

If the analysis is carried out at a certain point in time, then the basic indicators are given. If each subsequent indicator is related to the previous one, then we are talking about indicators that are of a chain nature.

The average indicators used in the compilation of the dynamics series are divided into the following types:

1. The average level of the series. This value, which is common for all indicators of the series for a period or at some point in time.
2. The average growth rate of the indicator.
3. Average absolute increase.
4. Average rate of increase.

If we consider a number of dynamics from a theoretical point of view, then in this case it consists of the following components: random oscillations, seasonal or cyclical fluctuations and development tendencies or trends that characterize the decrease and increase in its levels.

The series of dynamics make it possible to study the nature of the development of all phenomena that occur in the economic and social life of society.