Natural conditions and natural resources of Russia: description, estimation

Natural conditions and natural resources of Russia is an incredibly extensive and complex subject, which can be considered for many years. In this article, however, only general information concerning the state of the natural environment of the Russian state will be provided.

On the natural conditions of Russia

It should be noted right away that the concepts of "natural conditions" and "natural resources" of Russia are practically inseparable. In fact, the useful resources extracted in our state are an integral part of natural conditions, an integral part of the environment. Nevertheless, the concepts presented above still have their definitions. So, first it is necessary to tell about natural conditions.

Most modern scientists and specialists treat this concept as a combination of all the properties and attributes of the environment, which in one way or another can affect the life activity of man and society. Natural conditions and natural resources of Russia have always been diverse. If we talk about the first, it is worth highlighting two important concepts: climate and relief. Applicable to Russia, these two definitions are interpreted as follows:

• Climate, or "coldness", is the level of heat in the country;
• Relief, or "flatness" - is a combination of various unevennesses of land, the bottom of rivers, seas, oceans, etc.

Both the climate and the relief can be different in various areas of the state. For example, the famous East European Plain is considered the largest in the world. It is here that most of Russia's natural resources are concentrated. List all other areas of the country, indicating their climatic and relief characteristics, will be long. For this, there are many scientific works and encyclopedias. Further, we will only talk about the basic concepts and their most important composite elements.

Influence of natural conditions

The natural conditions and resources of European Russia have a significant impact on the development of the state. Further you will understand why. First, it is worth mentioning the role played by natural and climatic conditions for the country. The influence that they exert on the vital activity of citizens of a given state has always been decisive. Man constantly adjusted to the climate and the conditions that nature provided him. In Russia, this problem is especially urgent. Due to the huge area of the state, climatic and relief conditions in different parts of the country are very different from each other. That is why economic development in different regions is not the same.

The conclusion can be made only one: the conditions of the natural environment are very strongly reflected in individual productivity, as well as in public work. All this in a greater measure determines the magnitude of material costs. Life, rest, work, health of citizens - all this entirely depends on the behavior of the environment. And how the natural conditions and resources of central Russia have an impact will be discussed later in the article.

The concept of

What are the natural resources of Russia? Specialists and various scientists disclose this concept as a set of properties and components of the environment that are used to meet the needs of man and society. And these needs can be very different: both spiritual and physical. For example, perhaps the most important natural resources: water and soil. Thanks to these two elements, an incredible number of the most diverse plants and cultures are born on the planet. Energy sources such as forests, wind or water energy, biofuels, combustible materials and many other elements are also important natural resources.

Thus, the resources of the environment can be described as a kind of natural base, based on which, citizens of Russia can conduct their life. It should also be noted that the main criteria for the inclusion of certain natural elements are such important concepts as economic feasibility and technical feasibility.

Natural conditions and resources of central Russia: communication and interaction

It has already been said above why natural conditions play an important role in the life of society. Environmental conditions are understood as certain objects, forces and qualities of nature that at a particular stage of the productive forces are very essential for society, but not necessary for the immediate productive activity of man. Natural resources are certain objects of the environment. They are directly used to meet human needs.

The natural conditions and resources of the central region of Russia (and other regions too) are closely related to each other. But how? If you take the presented concepts in the aggregate, you will get exactly what society calls a natural environment. In this two important elements, resources and conditions, are relative concepts. In one or another historical period, the same element of nature can act both as a resource and as a natural condition.

It is worth noting the existence of one interesting trend: over time, an increasing number of environmental conditions are transferred to the resource class. This happens due to rapid technical and social progress. For example, you can take the same solar or wind energy or water. All these substances for a long time were considered nothing more than a natural condition. These elements significantly influenced the further existence of the entire surrounding world. At the same time, both water and energy today are almost completely subordinated to man: while still remaining the conditions of nature, these elements are also the most important resources. Thus, such concepts as natural conditions and resources of Russia are inseparable and closely interconnected. Briefly describe the main of them we will try later in the article.

Agroclimatic resources

The natural conditions and resources of central Russia are always taken into account by various scientists and specialists. In the agrarian sphere it is necessary to monitor first of all the agroclimatic resources of the environment. They are one of the most important types of resource component in Russia. Scientists include light, humidity and heat in this class. In fact, these are all factors that primarily affect the fertility of these or those plant crops. All agriculture depends entirely on these elements.

One might think that light, moisture and heat can not be immediate resources for society, because these are, rather, certain conditions that will not be so easily influenced. In part this is a true statement. However, agroclimatic factors are still resources. And for that there are quite a lot of reasons. The first such reason is the ability of a person to subordinate the enumerated elements of the environment to himself. In the case of moisture, it is a hydro power station, with wind - windmills. Thermal energy can be accumulated by means of special solar batteries. Despite the fact that a person has subordinated all the listed elements only partially, one can say with certainty that everything that once could only be conditions today effectively serves as a resource.

Biological resources

The most common natural conditions and resources of the central region of Russia, also western and northern, are called biological. What exactly is in this group? Most specialists refer to a group of biological resources various hunting, fishing or forest elements. Russia is particularly rich in these resources. A variety of relief and climatic conditions presupposes the presence in many parts of the state of a variety of very different elements of nature. For several thousand years man has been actively using such important resources as wood, food elements (berries, nuts, vegetables and other products), furs, meat of various livestock, etc.

In terms of the number of elements presented, our state ranks first in the world. Only biological natural conditions and resources of the north-west of Russia allow us to call our country one of the largest in terms of the number of useful elements for humans. Scientists have long been compiled various tables and statistics to determine how much the Russian Federation is rich in biological resources. All these data can easily be found in various scientific publications.

Land resources

The amount of land resources in a particular state is directly comparable to the land area. On the planet, the land area occupies about 29% of the entire surface of the globe. However, only 30% can be used for agricultural funds suitable for growing food products. The rest of the territory consists of marshes, glaciers, deserters, mountains, etc.

Russian land resources are truly enormous. They make up a ninth part of the whole world surface. However, most of the land in Russia is simply not exploited. The reason is permafrost. Thus, out of 1,709 million hectares of land, about 1,100 million hectares are not used at all, and this is almost 60% of the country's entire land area. Nevertheless, statistical indicators give very optimistic data: for each inhabitant of Russia there are about 11.5 hectares of land. At the moment this is the highest figure in the world. Approximately 8% of the country's land area is allocated to arable land in Russia.

Because of the extremely uneven distribution of land resources, the authorities of the Russian Federation are obliged to qualitatively distribute the cultivated crops by the regions of the country. Often there are problems that can lead to a strong economic crisis. That is why the natural conditions and resources of the European south of Russia, the north or the west of the country should be distributed very competently and efficiently.

Water resources

What are the aquatic environmental conditions and resources of the European north of Russia, the east and the south of the country? Most experts argue that the state's water resources are surface and underground runoff, glacial water, as well as atmospheric precipitation. Surface runoff is known to all known reservoirs: rivers, seas, oceans, lakes, etc. Underground water is also called groundwater extracted from the soil.

Water supply, hydropower, irrigation of soil - all these important processes simply would not exist without water resources. Most of the water falls on the territory of Siberia and the Far East. The rivers Lena, Ob, Yenisei and many other basins are the main sources of fresh water in the country. Water has always played a vital role in human life. At the same time, water resources are very peculiar. There are two types: exhaustible and inexhaustible. Fresh water is the most important for a person, since it is a drinking water. It applies to exhaustible resources. That is why the rational and competent use of water as a resource is so important.

Mineral resources

The usefulness of mineral resources was discovered by a man not so long ago. However, even now it is safe to say that all minerals have the properties of exhaustibility and non-renewability. A competent distribution of this type of resources will help to use minerals as long as possible and more efficiently.

The main purpose of mineral resources is industrial. Scientists and specialists divide them into three main categories:

• Nonmetallic minerals. These include mining chemical elements (phosphorus, salts, apatites, etc.).
• Metal ore minerals. Here it is necessary to distinguish all kinds of metals and ores - black or colored.
• Fuel minerals. Here it is necessary to include various combustible liquids like fuel, gases, solid materials (oil shale, peat, coal, etc.).

All mineral resources are extremely unevenly distributed across the territory of the Russian Federation. Basically, the natural conditions and resources of the northern region of Russia assume a large number of mineral elements. The region of our country, where the amount of mineral resources today is the largest, is Altai and Transbaikalia. The Kursk region, for example, is widely known as the region of the so-called magnetic anomaly. There are a lot of mountain ore and a lot of other mineral resources.

Russia is a state that actively exports all natural resources, especially mineral resources. Unlike other countries, whose goal is, as a rule, the conservation of mined minerals and their further independent use, the Russian Federation sends a large amount of mined material abroad. What is the assessment of Russia's conditions and resources? The answer to this question will be given further.

Economic assessment of natural conditions and resources of Russia

There is a rather large number of interpretations and opinions on how to assess the natural conditions of Russia. However, the concept of O.R. Nazarevsky is considered to be the most widespread and effective today. What exactly is the Nazarevsky system talking about? Natural conditions and natural resources of Russia are closely related to natural indicators. All of them are systematized on 30 indicators, half of which are climatic. These include the amount of precipitation, temperature, seismicity, frost-free periods, etc. Each indicator is evaluated on a special five-point scale. In accordance with it there are five degrees of comfort of the environment. Here are the following indicators:

• Very favorable;
• Favorable;
• Maloblagopriyatnye;
• Adverse;
• Very unfavorable.

In fact, of all these elements is the assessment of the natural conditions and resources of Central Russia and other parts of the country. According to experts, for today the fourth part of our state is either unfavorable, or maloblagopriyatnoy for human life.