Syntactic norms

Syntactic norms are a set of criteria governing the correct construction and use of sentences and word combinations. They are also historically changeable, like morphological or phonetic, although this is less noticeable. For example, the Russian language has not used a construction for a long time, in which the dative case would act as a subordinate clause of time. It is for archaic reasons that syntactic norms of this type do not, as a rule, cause any difficulties for native speakers. However, at the present stage there are complex, ambiguous variants of constructing various designs. Within the framework of this article, it is possible to consider only some of them.

Syntax norms in the simple sentence have the following options.

1. To express the qualification of the subject, different constructions are used in different styles of speech. So, for the journalistic and scientific is characteristic the construction of "who (what) is who (what)", "what shall we count than". And in all other styles of speech, the constructions "who-what", "who (what) was whom (what)", "what - what is that" are used.

2. To name the date, which acts as a subject, the ordinal numeral is used. Kindness in Him. P .: What is the date today? And to name the date, which is expressed under the circumstance, the ordinal numerals are used in the RP. What is the date you arrive?

3. If a noun of the genus names a post, a rank or a profession, but designates a woman, then in the book style, the predicate is put in the form of a mr, and in the colloquial form it is put in the form of g. R .: The director spoke in front of his subordinates.

4. If the transport is indicated as a means of transportation, then the preposition "on" with an accusative or prepositional case is used. For example: Tourists boarded a tram and drove it to the desired stop. But if we mean not the mode of transport, but the direction of movement inside something or location in something, then the preposition "in" is used with an accusative or preemptive case. For example: Tourists boarded a tram, and in it they were no longer afraid of rain , Nor the wind.

Syntactic norms in a complex sentence have the following options.

1. If information is transmitted in the form of indirect speech, then the face of the verb and pronoun changes. For example: I said: "I'll come late." - You said that (you) will arrive late.

2. Unions "before" and "before" have shades of meaning in sentences with subordinate clauses. The first of these is used when it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that the action of the main sentence determines the effect of the ad- ditional clause. For example: Before writing a test, repeat the material. The union before "how" is used in the case when the actions in both proposals are closely interrelated and occur almost at the same time. For example: Before writing a test, at least repeat the material.

3. If it is necessary to allocate a goal or reason, the composite union is divided into two parts. In this case, the first of them remains in the main sentence, and the second one goes to the subordinate clause. For example: She did not want to join them, because that was not part of her plans. She did not want to make them a company because it was not part of her plans.

4. In the subordinate clauses of comparison, unions "like" and "how" are used. They have different meanings. The first is expedient for using in sentences with indication of a conditional, unreliable fact, and the second - with indication of comparison as a real fact. For example: It rained all summer, as it happens only in the fall. It rained all summer, as if someone was constantly squeezing clouds.

Syntactic norms of the Russian language are formed naturally and objectively. This means that they do not depend on the will or will of a specific native speaker. Syntactic norms are updated and formed together with the development of society, art and literature, changing living conditions, the emergence of traditions and the improvement of human relationships.