How to make a brick from a foundation with your own hands

More often under countryside low-rise buildings, a monolithic concrete foundation is poured. However, sometimes a brick is used to assemble the base of the house. The choice of this material in most cases is determined by the fact that it is possible to build from it a very attractive design, from the point of view of aesthetics.

Advantage of using bricks

The estimated service life of foundations erected from this material is lower than that of monolithic ones. However, it is noticed that in practice it usually happens vice versa. If the concrete band of the building is able to reliably protect the walls of the house from destruction for 200-300 years, then the service life of the brick foundation often exceeds 400. But of course, this structure will be lasting and durable only if the technology of its erection is strictly observed. Next, in the article, and consider how to lay out the foundation of brick with their own hands correctly.

In which cases, instead of concrete, you can use brick

The bases of houses of this type are raised basically only on dry non-heaped grounds. It is also desirable that the groundwater level in the construction site be as low as possible. On not very stable soils of bricks, the foundation is allowed to be assembled only with pre-pouring of the concrete "cushion" and mandatory reinforcement. With a high groundwater table, special compositions are added to the masonry solution , which increase its waterproofing properties. Otherwise, such a base will quickly break down due to high humidity.

For houses above three floors of bricks, the foundation must not be built with building codes. In case of extreme necessity, the reinforced powerful base of this variety can be assembled. However, in this case, the foundation goes unnecessarily expensive. Therefore, in practice, for buildings of 3 floors, usually monolithic concrete bases are usually erected.

Among other things, designs of this type are most often collected under the walls of buildings made of light materials. For example, a very good solution will be to build a foundation of brick for a log house. Very good this option is suitable for a cobbled, panel house or for walls made of foamy concrete. Under the brick or monolithic structures such grounds do not suit. In this case, it is also advisable to build a monolithic reinforced concrete structure.

Norms such grounds can be used not only for residential buildings, but for any other structures. Very often, for example, the foundation is erected from a brick for a bath, an arbor, a garage. The technology of assembling such a foundation for buildings of different purposes is almost the same.

How to choose a material

There are many types of bricks in the modern market. However, for the construction of foundations, not all types of this material can be used. Suitable for this purpose is only a red ceramic brick, and even then not every one. Indicators of the stone intended for the erection of the base of the house should be as follows:

• Grade of strength not less than 150;

• Frost-resistance from 35 cycles;

• Density not less than 1600 kg / m ³ ;

• Water absorption - 6-16%.

In the people the material that meets all these requirements is called a brick-ironstone. When choosing a stone, you should pay attention, including its appearance. The scarlet color of the brick says that it is not sufficiently burned, and therefore it is not too strong and moisture resistant. The concave or convex edges of the stone, on the contrary, indicate that it was held in the furnace for too long. Such a brick is fragile. You can build the base of the house only from the highest quality material. Therefore, among other things, when buying a stone, you should pay attention to the reputation of the supplier and the manufacturer.

Sometimes the owners of suburban areas itself the foundation (its underground part) is collected from the red iron ore, and the base is made of silicate brick. Do so building regulations allowed. But only in the most extreme case - on dry ground and when erecting any insignificant structures (summer kitchens, garages, sheds, household blocks, etc.).

How to dig a trench

So how is the foundation of brick built with their own hands? A step-by-step instruction for assembling this structure will be presented below in the article in full detail. However, at first it is still necessary to understand with what the trench should be for this construction, and also how to make the preparatory work correctly.

To build from a stone by building specifications it is supposed only columnar or tape bases of houses. Do not collect from brick and shallow foundations of brick. The sole of such a structure should in any case be located below the freezing level of the ground. For the southern regions of the country this figure is 0.6-1 m, for northern regions it can reach 2.5 m. The exact figures can be found from special directories.

Trenches under the brick foundation will have to dig not only deep, but wide. After all, in this case, you need to take care that the mason had enough free space to perform the masonry. After the construction of a brick foundation, this "extra" space is filled with expanded clay or light soil. This allows to lower the level of freezing level for a particular location, and also to minimize the negative impact on the underground parts of the structure during spring whipping.

In the rest the trenches under such basis are dug out by the same rules, as under usual monolithic. That is, preliminary marking using pegs and cord (using the method of the "Egyptian triangle" or "two curves") is preliminarily performed, and then excavation is performed.

Preparation of mortar for masonry

The quality of the brick foundation is subject to increased requirements. After all, on how much it will be reliable, the life of the entire building depends. Therefore, it is worthwhile to approach not only the choice of the stone itself, but also the procedure for preparing the solution. Sand before kneading must be sifted. Lime in the mortar, intended for laying the foundation, is by no means added. Prepare the mixture with a concrete mixer. The more homogeneous the composition, the better.

Erection of the belt foundation: preparatory work

In the dug out under the base of the house, the trench is carefully carefully compacted and leveled at the bottom level. Next, a sand-gravel mixture 15 cm thick is poured onto it. The resulting "pillow" is carefully compacted with ramming and water. Then arrange a layer of waterproofing. To prevent the soles of the basement from getting wet during the operation, a ruberoid (2-3 layers) is rolled over the "cushion". Simultaneously with the bottom waterproofing it is desirable to equip and lateral. For this, additional liner strips are glued to the canvas on both sides using bitumen mastic.

The device of a support from a solution

On weak soils of bricks, the foundation, as already mentioned, is erected with the preliminary arrangement of a reinforced concrete "cushion". The latter is poured in a wooden formwork with a reinforcement frame, assembled from a 12 mm rod. The thickness of the "pillow" should be at least 10 cm. Before starting the assembly of the pillars, it should be kept for two weeks.

Assembling the belt foundation

The first row of bricks laid directly on the concrete or roofing material, taking into account the subsequent dressing and filling of vertical joints with mortar. Next, the assembly of the foundation is carried out according to general rules with mandatory reinforcement, vertical and horizontal. To build the base of the house from a brick it is possible only with a single-row dressing of seams. In order to reduce the adhesion of the walls of the structure to the ground, a flush (flush) is performed. Do not process seams only if in the future the walls of the structure are supposed to be plastered for additional waterproofing.

Reliable columnar foundation of brick by own hands: step by step instruction

In this case, under the base, not pits are dug out, as when using concrete mortar, as well as trenches. After all, for masonry poles a mason needs a place. Install supports should be under all the bearing walls of the building. Without fail, the posts must be laid out on the corners. They also need to be installed at the intersection of walls. The minimum length of the side of a column of a square section is 380 mm (1.5 bricks). Above the ground the support should be raised at least 20 cm.

To make the brickwork even, first the trunks are laid down from the boards of the box-patterns. Under them is pre-installed waterproofing and concrete pads are poured.

Clutch lead around these patterns. After several rows have been laid out, the box is removed. As a result, there is an empty space inside the pillar, which must be filled with concrete. Further clutch lead, constantly trimming the bricks, to the desired height. In the remaining space in the center of the pillars, an armature is inserted (three 12 mm twigs) and the solution is poured.

Above ground ready poles are often connected with a concrete ribbon. It is poured into the formwork with reinforcement. Link its parts with each other and with poles it is impossible. Instead of concrete, the space between the pillars can also simply be laid with bricks.

Foundations made of bricks for a bath

The principle of erecting a base for such a structure is the same as for a residential building. Most often, a brick foundation is poured in the form of a continuous tape for the sauna. However, if the walls are supposed to be shielded, you can save and do with a columnar base. For the basement of the ribbon foundation baths better to use red brick. Silicate is afraid of moisture. Also, when settling the base under the walls of the bath, maximum attention should be paid to the waterproofing.

How to make a foundation of bricks with your own hands for a gazebo

In this case, it will be sufficient to erect four posts in the corners of the structure. Under very light arbors, such foundations sometimes do not even bury them. For large structures of this type, 6-8 supports are installed.

Like the ribbon foundation of brick for a bath, the base under the gazebo should be waterproofed. Under the supports must be laid ruberoid in several layers. When pouring an empty central part of the pillars, nails or bars are placed under the harness and the frame of the gazebo frame. Above the surface of the support they should rise by 20 cm. In concrete, the rods are also buried 20 cm.