How do verbs change? The verb varies by times, by numbers, by birth

The verb is the leading, together with the noun, part of the speech of the Russian language. He forms the core of the sentence, concludes the process. About how the verb varies by times, moods, faces, numbers and births, we will discuss this article.

Verb: constant signs

All parts of speech are characterized by certain features. The conjugation and form, recurrence and transitivity are considered to be unchangeable in the verb. Verbs vary by person. The nature of these changes reflects the type of conjugation - 1 or 2. There is no semantic difference between the verbs of different conjugations. Difference in personal endings: 1 person -em, -et, -you, -et, -out (-yut) , 2- them, -it, -you, -it, -at (-yat) . The view is designed to reflect the attitude of actions to the moment of speech. The perfect form (the question of what to do? ) Is the result, the imperfect ( what to do? ) Is the process. For example, to walk - go, think - come up . Often the difference lies in the fact that the verbs of the imperfect species reflect a recurring action, and the perfect kind - single actions. For example, to go - go, cook - cook. Such a constant verbal sign, as a return, indicates the direction of action on someone. The index of recuperation is postfix -sya (cb): bathe, pricked, said goodbye. Transitivity indicates the possibility of the verb to control the object - the noun in the accusative case. That is, the verb to write is transitive, since it is able to combine with words that answer the question what? Whom?: Write a picture, write dictation. The verb to look is intransitive, because it can not control the noun in the accusative case.

Mood

Verbs vary from time to time, to persons, etc., that is, they are also characterized by unstable morphological features. Verbs that are capable of changing their form are called conjugates. The leading feature is the ability of verbs to change the inclination, which reflects the relation of the process to reality. Thus, an indicative mood, imperative and conditional, is singled out. All other non-permanent signs of the verb depend on the inclination. Verbs vary from time to time only in the indicative mood. The subjunctive (conditional) inclination has a traditional structure: the verb in the past tense + the particle would ( would bring, would tell ). The imperative mood is distinguished by the presence of the suffix -i or -e: write, tell me.

Time

Time is a special category peculiar to the verb of the indicative mood. It can be future, past and present, that is, it reflects the attitude of action in the moment of speech. The verb varies from time to time, taking into account the species. Time and correctness of its use is largely determined by the type of the verb. Thus, verbs of a perfect kind can not have real time, since it indicates a certain process. The suffix -l is the main indicator of the past verb: he spoke, studied, stood. It is important to note that verbs vary in genera only in the past tense. Future time is formed with the help of the auxiliary verb to be and the infinitive, if this verb is an imperfect kind: build - will build, teach - will teach. If in the future time it is necessary to put a verb of the perfect kind, then the auxiliary word is not required: to drive - to bring, to look - to take a look .

Face

The category of time is the determining one for another impermanent verbal sign - the person. Verbs vary in person only in the future and present times of the indicative mood, in the imperative mood. The verb's face is intended to indicate the participant of the verbal process (1 or 2 person: say, listen ) or on the person mentioned in the speech (3 person: knows, tell ). The personal form of the verb is called the form, next to which you can restore the personal pronoun: I study - I study, read - we read, write - you write down, sit down - you sit down, looking for - he / she / it searches, knits - they knit.

Number

The category of the number is inherent in all the mutable parts of the speech of the Russian language. So, for verbs, a number can not be defined only in the initial form, that is, the infinitive. Verbs vary in numbers in all inclinations ( sit - sit - sit ) and in all times ( draw - draw - will draw ).

Unchangeable forms

Only permanent signs can be designated in the immutable forms of the verb. Such are the infinitive and the gerundive. The infinitive is the beginning of any verbal form. All the constant verbal signs are determined from it. It accommodates the semantics of action, but does not show its relevance to reality, to the moment of speech, to participants in the speech process. The verb changes according to moods and times, but not an infinitive.

The gerundive is one of the attributive, that is, not conjugated, forms of the verb. It combines the meanings of the verb and adverb and means an additional, secondary action. The gerundive, like an infinitive, has only constant signs. However, the infinitive may be the main member of the proposal or part of the main member, and the gerundive - no. There are cases when the gerundive depends on the sentence from the infinitive: To live, rejoicing. To love, caring. Buy, finding. In such proposals, predicative is contained in the immutable forms of the verb.

Deviated form of the verb

Surprisingly, but the verb varies by case, more precisely, its special form - the sacrament. It combines the constant signs of the verb and the impermanent traits of the name of the adjective. Communion, formed from the stem of the verb, reflects the form, and the special suffixes express the time, which in participles is a constant sign. The invariable characteristic of participles is the pledge. So, this form of the verb can be passive or real. This expression of the sign is either active or passive. For example, having read (himself) an active voice, that is, a real communion, read (by someone) is a passive voice, the participle is passive. Communion changes according to the paradigm of adjectives. This form of the verb can vary in numbers and genera: singing - singing - singing - singing, having a full and short form (only passive): built - built. The case is determined only by the full participles. For example, in an occupied nest - a prepositional, near the surfacing sea - a genitive, a painter depicting an artist , a sounding song - instrumental.