A verb is a part of speech? What is the conjugation of verbs?

Part of the speech that characterizes the actions and states of the subject is a verb. What does this mean? The object does something, is in some state or experiences it on itself.

In an indefinite form, the verb responds to questions of action: what to do? Or what to do? However, in Russian this part of speech has several morphological features, due to which the grammatical form of this part of speech can change.

Infinitus means indefinite

A verb is a speech unit, in which one can determine the gender, time, face and other morphological characteristics. But if the verb is in the infinitive, the only sign that we can see is the perfect kind or the imperfect one. The infinitive is, in other words, an indefinite or, as it is called, the initial form of the verb. This property of this part of the speech helps to understand the spelling of the endings of verbs when it comes to conjugation. An infinitive can be asked questions about what to do? (Do?) It usually ends in -t (walk, saw, plant, etc.), on-go (go, find, save, etc.) or on-off (guard, bake, lie, etc.).

Verb tense

This is the ability to denote the action or state of an object at all times: now I do, I did (did) before, then I will do (I will do). Not all verbal characteristics fall under the category of time. For example, verb forms of a perfect kind are not used in the present tense. Verbs in a conditional mood have neither the future tense nor the present, but can be used only in the form of the past tense with the particle.

Verb inclination

A verb is a part of speech that can be used in three inclinations.

• In the indicative mood, this part of the speech describes the actions that are currently taking place, occurred in the past or will occur in the future. Examples: I tell, tell, I will tell (tell) . Sometimes the verb in the indicative mood in the position of the present, future times, the vowel can disappear, to which the infinitive ends: the sit- sit .

• In a conditional mood, the verb characterizes the actions possible under certain conditions, or those that want to commit. Examples: I would gladly tell you this story. He would read if there were listeners. Words in the form of conditional inclination are formed by attaching the suffix -l- plus particles to (b) to the infinitive basis. A particle can be used after the verb, in front of it, also it is sometimes separated from the verb by another word: A request would have expressed its own, but a lump in the throat. I would listen carefully, then I understood the essence.

• In the imperative mood, the verb reflects some coercion. Examples: tell, sit down, read. The imperative mood can be obtained by attaching to the basis of the present or future tense of the suffix -i or the zero suffix.

When the forms of one inclination are used in the meaning of another

In some cases, which are determined by the semantic coloring, the form of one inclination can use the meaning of the other. Let's consider examples.

• An incriminating inclination with particles let (let), yes are perceived as verbs of imperative mood. Examples: Long live the truth! Let them say a loud cheer to the defenders of freedom.
• Conditional mood, conveying the meaning of the imperative: Would you, Natalya, leave these troubles.
• An imperative mood that conveys the meaning of the conditional: If I had no money then I would have been on the boat.
• The imperative mood, which conveys the meaning of the indicative: He and serve the master, and mime, and clean, and be on errands.
• An undefined verb form that conveys the meaning of the indicative mood:
  And the queen laughs and shrugs ... (A. Pushkin); Conditional: Take a pinch of native land for memory; Imperative: - Forgive! Forgive! - voices were heard. (M. Bulgakov.)

Types of the verb

A verb is a part of speech that can have two kinds.

• Perfect - verbs of this kind call an action, indicating its completeness or result. Examples: what did? - told (elapsed time); What will I do? - I'll tell you (future time). In the infinitive: what to do? - to tell.
• Imperfect - verbs of this kind call an action, not indicating its completeness or result. Examples: what did you do? - told (the past tense); What do I do? - I tell (present); What will I do? - I will tell you (future time). In the infinitive: what to do? To tell.

Usually the same verb can be used in both forms, but there are words that have only one form:

• Only perfect - to be, to be found, to burst forth, etc .;
• Only imperfect - to belong, walk around, etc.

Also in Russian there are so-called two-species verbs, they can be used as words of that and other kind. Example: A scientist recently (what did?) Cloned the experimental animal. Shostakovich's concert was broadcast on the radio while the scientist (what did?) Cloned the experimental animal. Another example: The villain (what did?) Wounded the prince with a knife. Your words (what do they do?) Hurt me in the heart.

Personal endings of verbs

Conjugation of verbs is the ability to change by persons and numbers. There are only two of them. The conjugation rule helps us to understand how to write the endings of verbs used in the form of the first, second, third person, if the accent does not fall on them. It should be remembered that to the second conjugation belong all the verbs that end in the infinitive. There are only two exceptions here: the words shaving and laying, which will refer to the first conjugation.

All other verbs belong to the first conjugation. But here too there are exceptions, which must be remembered: 7 verbs ending in an infinitive to -et and 4 verbs to -at. They are easier to remember in a rhymed form:

Drive, hold, look and see,
Breathe, hear, hate,
And offend, but endure,
And depend, yes twirl.

The verbs formed by the prefix method from these exception words also refer to exceptions: to see, catch up, to cover, to hear, and so on.

As we mentioned, the conjugation of verbs is something that makes it possible not to be mistaken in the spelling of unstressed verb endings. This is how the personal endings of verbs in I and II conjugations look.

What is the algorithm of actions in determining how to write the ending in the verb from the sentence "Men count..t firewood"? We transform the form of the verb into an indefinite one: to prick. Ends with -at and does not apply to exceptions, so it belongs to I conjugation. According to the table above, in the third person of the plural we will write the ending -yut: Men are pricking firewood.

Another example: The wind, why the gong .. the clouds to the south? We put the verb into an infinitive form-drive, see the ending -at. The word must refer to the I conjugation, but it is included in the group of exceptions and therefore refers to II conjugation. Therefore, in the second person of the singular, the verb has an ending-it's: Wind, why are you chasing clouds to the south?

Verb faces

A verb is a part of speech that can be changed by persons, except when it is used in the past tense. In each of the three persons, the verb has different endings. Examples: I notice, you notice, he notices, we notice, you notice, they notice.

Verb Number

This part of speech in all grammatical forms can be used in the singular and plural. Examples: A dear guest has arrived. Our guests have arrived.

Genus of the verb

A verb is a speech component that can vary by birth in the past tense: The Kid crawls on the floor (masculine gender). The clock's arrow crawled backward (feminine gender). The insect slowly crawled along the road (middle genus).

In the present and future time, the verb genus can not be determined: I crawl through the tunnel (genus -?). I will crawl the necessary distance (genus -?).

Transitivity

A verb is a special part of speech that has the property of transitivity.

• Transitive verbs are combined with nouns or with pronouns in the form of accusative and without a preposition: to listen (what?) To music, to wear (whom?) A giraffe.
• Intransitive verbs include all the others: pay (for what?) For the journey, hope (on whom?) For a friend.

Pledge of the verb

This grammatical attribute reflects the situation when either the object itself performs an action, or the action is performed over it. The pledge is valid (the action is carried out by someone or something) and passive (the action is carried out over someone or something). Examples: The nurse plants flowers (valid bail). Flowers are planted by a sister (suffering a pledge).

Recurrence

This part of speech can have a return form, which is obtained by attaching to the end of the word postfix -ya (-s) . Examples: play - play, play, break - break, break, etc.

Usually the same verb can be returnable and irrevocable, but there are words that are always only returnable. These include verbs to be proud, like, lazy, doubt, etc. Examples of use: I have a dream. The kid is afraid of the dark. We all hope for reason.

Syntactic role

In the sentence, verbs play the role of a predicate and are emphasized by two traits. Like the subject, the predicate belongs to the main members of the sentence and together with it creates the grammatical basis of the sentence.

A verb in an infinitive can be not only a predicate, but also other members of the sentence. Examples: To love is to wear the sun in the heart (in this case the verb to love answers the question what? And is subject). I had a dream to go to Australia (which dream? - to leave for Australia, here the verb plays the role of a definition). I asked you to go to the store (asked about what?) - go to the store, in this sentence the verb acts as an add-on). We sent grandmother to a sanatorium to be treated (sent to a sanatorium what for? - to be cured, this is the circumstance of the goal).

Summarize

A verb is one of the independent parts of speech that characterizes the action of an object or its state. He has such morphological qualities as appearance, transitivity, conjugation, recurrence. The verb can vary according to moods, numbers, times, faces, births. In a sentence, this part of speech is usually a predicate, and in an indefinite form can play the role of any member of the sentence.