Fungicides are ... Fungicidal preparations. Treatment with fungicides

Modern garden works rarely do without cultivation of soil and plants with special preparations - fungicides. The literal translation of this term from Latin means "killing mushrooms". But the practice of applying plant protection significantly expanded this concept, combining substances that are toxic not only for fungi, but also drugs that fight other pathogens of infections of agricultural crops. Fungicides are chemical or biological preparations used to prevent, prevent or treat diseases of orchard crops.

A bit of history

Various plant diseases - patchiness, rust, rot - have been familiar to humans since people have learned to grow certain crops. Even then, the very first recommendations on their necessary protection appeared. Even before our era Homer mentioned the control of plant diseases by fumigation with sulfur, and Democritus pointed to the prevention of rot by spraying crops with olive oil infusion. With the beginning of a new era, people learned to prevent grain diseases, impregnating them with wine or keeping in the chopped cypress leaves. In the Middle Ages, diseases known at that time and methods for their treatment were described and classified.

The breakthrough came with the development of the chemical industry and active studies of the etiology of many diseases and the biological characteristics of their pathogens. Most of the fungicides used today were synthesized very recently - in the 20th century. Modern means of plant protection - single-component or combination preparations - allow to achieve significant success, however, the problem of diseases has not gone yet and needs constant improvement of technologies, methods and means of crop processing.

How do fungicides work?

They destroy the spores or mycelium of fungi and microorganisms, which are the causative agents of various diseases. These plant protection products are classified by the nature of the impact, the uses, the nature and selectivity of the action, and also the distribution in the plants.

Classification of fungicides

Due to the fact that the same fungicide can differently affect different cultures, the classification is very conditional. In addition, the use of different doses of matter with different terms varies greatly. However, fungicides are divided into:

• Protective agents used to treat healthy plants in order to prevent morbidity.
• Therapeutic (eradicating) drugs, the treatment of which is necessary after the signs of the disease are found on the plant. The active substance of such a fungicide stops the growth of the pathogenic sphere that caused the problem, which leads to the recovery of the culture.
• Systemic fungicides are chemicals absorbed by the plant and moving along its vascular system and protecting new shoots that have grown already after treatment. These fungicides have a curative and preventive effect.
• Contact preparations that protect only those parts of the plant with which they contact. Such fungicides are agents that have only a protective effect, they always depend on the effects of precipitation.
• Seed seed dressing chemicals are chemical substances used in presowing soaking of seeds to protect future shoots from diseases and pests, as well as in processing bulbs, tubers, corms and rhizomes before planting. Today, there are preparations as a narrowly directed action - either preventive against possible diseases, or against microorganisms-pests - as well as complex ones combining both these directions.

Toxicity of preparations and precautions when using them

Fungicides are toxic preparations, and it is necessary to be assured of expediency of their application in house conditions. Before using these drugs, you should familiarize yourself with safety techniques for their use. There are several immutable rules, the fulfillment of which is necessary to avoid poisoning, which can provoke a fungicide. The instruction, attached to each preparation, offers:

• Store the preparations separately from products and medicines in a dry, dark, cool place at a temperature not exceeding +35 ° С and not below -10 ° С;
• To ensure inaccessibility for children and animals;
• Preparation of the working solution is not done in the dishes used in the kitchen;
• Use the solution immediately, it is not stored;
• Carry out treatment in the absence of children and animals;
• For such work prepare special clothes;
• Do not eat, drink or smoke while working;
• After the treatment, wash your face and hands;
• The used containers for solution preparation and the parts of the sprayer should be rinsed in running water.

Necessary assistance for poisoning

If caution in working with drugs has not been observed, then the necessary measures should be taken without delay. If the drug accidentally got inside, you need to drink 0.5 liters of water and induce vomiting. When the active substance gets on the skin, it is washed under running water for at least 10 minutes. It is very dangerous to get the drug into the lungs or eyes. In such cases, the eyes are washed with water and a 2% solution of hydrogen peroxide, and the inhaled volatile substances are taken to fresh air. Despite the first aid provided, it will be superfluous to go to a medical institution, taking a packing label from the drug used.

Modern protective means

The use of fungicides today has become a necessity, so you need to know exactly what preparations you can use in some cases, and which ones in others. Let's list the most common modern fungicides, get acquainted with their action, advantages and disadvantages.

Fundazol: instructions for use

"Fundazol" (powder) is a systemic fungicide of extensive action for fighting many kinds of fungal diseases. Suitable for preventive and therapeutic spraying in case of threat of fungal lesions. Used as a seed disinfectant before planting. Has a slight unpleasant odor. The hazard class is 3. The active substance of the baseazol is benomyl penetrating the plant through the roots or aerial parts and is converted to carbendazim, a substance having excellent fungicidal properties. Most of the foundation is accumulated on the surface of the plant, and the smaller, penetrated inside is able to protect even areas that do not interact with the drug.

Ways of using "Fundazol"

Treatment with fungicides, in particular "Fundazol", can be carried out in different ways:

• Together with watering;
• Spraying the plant during the growing season;
• Seed dressing before planting.

"Fundazol", the instruction for which is applied to each package, is dissolved in an amount of 1 g in 1 liter of water. This is a working solution. Use it maybe no more than two times per season.

Seed dressing is recommended to be carried out a month before sowing. Joint with "Fundazol" irrigation is necessary in the event of symptoms of plant disease, and spraying is a preventive measure that takes even before the appearance of painful manifestations.

Topaz: a fungicide based on penconazole

"Topaz" (emulsion concentrate), like "Fundazol", is a systemic fungicide of curative and preventive action for the protection of plants against fungal diseases such as powdery mildew, rust, oidium, etc. "Topaz" is a fungicide, odorless, moderately hazardous for People, animals and fish, but not toxic to birds and insects. Strictly forbidden treatment of plants during flowering. The hazard class is 3.

The most effective "Topaz" for the protection of stone, fruit, berry, vegetable and ornamental crops, as well as grapes from powdery mildew and other fungi and infections. Prophylactic treatments performed at intervals of 7-14 days, suppressing infections caused by pathogens of various diseases, at the beginning of the growing season, show the best results.

How to apply Topaz?

Normalize the consumption of fungicide, depending on the phase of development in which the plant is located and the degree of its damage. Weak solutions are used at the beginning of vegetation or with a small infectious background; Stronger - in the completed period of leaf development or significant infection. After processing the culture with a drug, it is advisable to use contact fungicides to fix the result. The instructions for using Topaz give the following recommendations:

• For fruit and berry trees and shrubs (currants, gooseberries, peaches, grapes), as well as vegetables and strawberries, the contents of one ampoule of the drug are dissolved in 10 liters of water;
• For flower crops (roses, carnations, asters, etc.) the solution is more concentrated - one ampoule of the product dissolves in 5 liters of water.

"Topaz" is a fungicide whose price is low, and the benefits of its correct application are invaluable. Spraying plants should be carried out in windless, dry weather, evenly treating the entire surface of the plant. The solution is prepared immediately before the work. The following treatments, if there is such a need, are carried out 10-14 days after the protective period has expired.

Fungicide "Horus"

To protect stone and fruit trees, vineyards and garden strawberries from scab, moniliosis and powdery mildew, the fungicide "Horus", developed on the basis of cyprodinil, is produced and is available in the form of water-soluble granules. "Horus" is a fungicide successfully used to fight with coccomicosis, klyasterosporiosis and monilial rot of fruits on plums and cherries, with fruit rot and scab on pears and apple trees.

Processing "Horus" is made by spraying, the first of which is carried out before flowering, the second - during the growing season, but no later than 2 weeks before harvesting. It is better to carry out the second treatment after 2 weeks after the cultures have faded. The working solution is prepared in the following proportions: 10 g of water is dissolved in 3 g. Preparation. The average expenditure of funds per tree is from 2 to 5 liters of solution based on the size of the tree and the type of sprayer.

"Horus" is a fungicide, the feature of which is that it shows the greatest efficiency at low temperatures (3-10 ° C), which is an advantage of this drug, because It can be successfully used in the early spring, when, basically, the contamination of the garden crops with moniliasis takes place. Experienced gardeners are not recommended to cultivate trees when the air temperature rises above 22 ° C. The protective period after treatment lasts 7-10 days. Another advantage of using Horus is its high therapeutic effect on already affected plants.

Norms of use of fungicide "Horus"

For different plants, the concentration of working solutions is different. For the treatment of apple and pear, a solution prepared from 2 g of a substance per 10 liters of water is required. Spraying stone fruit crops effectively with a solution of 3 g per 10 liters of water. Concentration of the solution for processing strawberry strawberry on 1 hectare - 6 g per 5 liters of water.

Fungicides for grapes, in particular "Horus", are prepared in the same proportions as for strawberries - 6 g of substance per 10 liters of water. The maximum possible number of treatments per season for strawberries is 2, stone (except plum) and grapes - 3; Seeds and plums - 4 times.

Timely and competent processing of crops helps horticulturists and in clearing summer cottages from pathogens of various infections and in increasing the yield of quality and healthy fruits.