Fistula: what is it? Description, advantages and disadvantages. Pulmonary fistula

Previously, renal failure was a fatal disease. Now it is treated with a blood purification procedure called hemodialysis. This method is used in cases of acute and chronic stage of pathology. The procedure is carried out with an apparatus called "artificial kidney." During the process, the elimination of toxic components of metabolism, such as urea, creatine and others. The water and electrolyte balance is also normalized.

Further in the article we will consider how the procedure is carried out. From the material, you will find out what fistula is for, what it is, what significance it has when performing manipulations.

Procedure

So, fistula - what is it? Apparatus "artificial kidney" is connected to the bloodstream of the patient through the vascular access, which is created by the surgeon. It is called as follows: arteriovenous fistula (AVF). To connect the device, punctures are made with special needles connected to the dialyzer using a tube system. Minimal hemodialysis is prescribed for 12 hours a week, that is 3 times for 4 hours. This procedure can last for decades. It allows you to partially replace the kidney function and allows a person to remain working and maintain a full life.

Purpose

With the help of venous access it is possible to carry out chronic dialysis. Thanks to him, a place is created for the infusion and seizure of a large volume of blood. During the operation, veins and arteries are sewed together to create a single vessel with thick walls. In addition, it produces good blood flow, which is superficial, which creates the convenience for puncturing and performing the procedure. Most often fistula for hemodialysis is formed on the arm. This is due to the fact that there are large vessels with good blood flow. However, they are located deep, which creates difficulties for puncture. The veins, on the contrary, pass over the surface, but they have too thin walls. That is why the best option is to stitch these vessels. In this case, hemodialysis gives the highest result. The puncture is carried out with special needles, then the apparatus is connected to the blood flow through the AVF.

Benefits

To create it, no artificial materials are needed. After all, fistula - what is it? This formation consists of human tissues. The absence of artificial inclusions allows to protect arteriovenous fistula from infectious complications or thromboses. It is located just under the skin. The method of hemodialysis is preferred by many patients, since it gives a result for a long time. To date, fistula - what is it? For many professionals and patients, this is the best way to gain access to the bloodstream. Also in its creation, new methods have appeared, methods of puncture and vessel preservation have been improved.

Negative moments

The main disadvantage of fistula is its long maturation, which is from one and a half months or more. Sometimes the goal is not achieved. The so-called early failure occurs for the following reasons:

1. The flow of small blood flow into the formation.

2. Lack of blood arterialization by reducing its pressure in the lateral veins that depart from the fistula.

3. The vessel chosen to form the fistula is less than 2 mm.

4. Formation of stenosis between the entrance to the fistula and anastomosis.

Preservation of education

It is recommended to take care of the fistula even before its formation. To do this, it is necessary to protect the vessels of the forearm from unnecessary injections. This will allow the arteries and veins to be in a developed state before creating a fistula.

Dialysis is performed with an already formed and mature fistula. This can ensure the duration of its work for decades. However, there are such patients, in whom this access has the property to be exhausted before (after 2 years).

When fistula for hemodialysis is at the stage of its maturation, it is necessary to protect the hand from excessive loads. This applies to the postoperative period (before the removal of stitches). Due to this, edema will be significantly faster after surgical intervention. It is necessary to exclude physical exercises (barbell, push-ups and others). In addition, it is recommended to dry the fistula every day. Also it is advised to listen to its noise, it should be constantly the same. In the event that any changes occur, you should consult your doctor. When blood is taken for analysis, it is taken from an unphystic hand. The tourniquet is not recommended for overtraining. In addition, blood pressure can not be measured on this arm and one should try not to let it fall sharply.

Pulmonary fistula

It should be said that this education does not always benefit the body. For example, the presence of pulmonary fistula in the coronary system can provoke serious problems. Since a certain amount of blood from the coronary arteries rushes through the fistula to the pulmonary artery, this provokes impoverishment of blood flow, resulting in a deficiency of nutrient connections and oxygen in the heart muscle.