Purpose of the pension: the order, the features of the calculation and the rules

The appointment of a pension plays an enormous role for the elderly in Russia. Today we have to figure out how the size of the state support of the population is calculated according to the law, to whom it is issued and what is required for this. The pension reform carried out entailed certain changes. Not everyone knows about them. So what features will have to pay attention to all future and current retirees?

Pension is

For example, what is a pension in principle. It is not clear to everyone what state support is being discussed.

A pension is a monthly payment of a certain amount, calculated as a state security of the population. Payments can be of several types. They are formed with certain characteristics. They will be discussed further on.

The appointment of a pension occurs only if certain conditions are met. There are quite a few of them. And they depend directly on the type of state support in question.

Types of pensions

What are the pension benefits? For today in Russia the following pensions are distinguished:

• By old age;
• On disability;
• Labor;
• On loss of the supporter;
• For long service;
• Accumulative;
• Basic.

Most often, pensions are labor payments. They are appointed to all citizens who gained a certain length of service. Nevertheless, all other measures of state support should also not be forgotten.

Age and length of service

And when it is possible to qualify for such material assistance? The main conditions for its registration is the age of the citizen, as well as working experience. To assign a pension, a person must reach a certain age and work out a specific number of years. Nevertheless, in the absence of any work experience, the pensioner will not be left without means of subsistence. He will still begin to pay a pension. But not too high. This will be discussed later.

In Russia, men and women now retire at different ages. A strong half of the society has the right to enter a well-deserved vacation in 60 years. Women are still retiring at age 55. At the same time it is allowed to continue working.

The work experience in the Russian Federation is a quantity that has been rising steadily ever since. In 2016, it was necessary to work for at least 5 years. In this case, you can claim a labor pension. And in 2017, the minimum work experience was raised to 7 years.

Until 2025, Russia has a system of increasing requirements for the appointment of pensions. The plan provides for an increase in the minimum length of service to 15 years. But it should be noted that there are non-labor periods in the country, which will be counted as work.

On non-labor periods

What exactly are we talking about? According to the established rules, people do not always have to work and receive work experience. Under certain circumstances, the lack of formal employment does not prevent the minimum necessary for the appointment of state support in old age.

For unearned periods, which will be considered as a job, include:

• Care for the newborn;
• Looking after an invalid over 80 years old;
• Service in the army;
• Stay with a spouse who is in the service in regions that have problems with the employment of the population;
• Time of receiving temporary disability or unemployment benefits;
• Care for the disabled first group;
• Illegal stay in prison;
• Time of residence of wives / husbands of diplomats and consuls abroad.

Accordingly, it is possible to actively use all the above periods to obtain work experience. But each item has its own characteristics. For example, if a citizen was registered as caring for an invalid, after the end of this period, he must get a job officially. For spouses of consuls and diplomats, the length of service accrued for living outside the Russian Federation can not exceed 5 years. And 6 years can be obtained for caring for children under 1.5 years (only for 4 kids).

The government calls on the population to actively use all non-labor periods to ensure that they are guaranteed the appointment of a pension at a fixed amount.

Early exit

Under certain circumstances, you can become a pensioner ahead of time. This practice takes place and is actively used by the population. The right to early appointment of pensions is regulated by Federal Law No. 400 of December 28, 2013. What does it say?

Some people, subject to certain conditions, are entitled to a well-deserved rest before the rest of the citizens. The following situations can serve as the basis for this:

• Performing dangerous or hard work;
• Work in the public sphere (medicine, education, public service);
• Work as a pilot or stay in the number of participants in flight crews;
• If a citizen has work experience in the Far North and in other areas equated to him.

This is not a complete list. But it is in practice that occurs most often. It is important to remember that the appointment of a pension takes place if the citizen has at least 30 pension points. In some situations, you must additionally have a continuous work experience or reach a specific age.

Components of pensions

To date, pension payments include 3 main components. Among them are:

• The base part;
• Accumulative;
• Insurance.

Out of these payments, the amount of state support for the population will be formed. What does each of them mean?

The base part refers to a fixed payment of funds, set by the state. It is necessary to maintain the life of the population.

The accumulative part is, it is possible to say, the contributions that the employer makes for the citizen. Deductions to the Pension Fund. A person has the right to make corresponding contributions himself. The accumulative part of the pension is determined by the amount of all contributions made.

The insurance part of a pension is a kind of compensation for doing business in Russia. It is called labor. Depends on the duration of work, the salary in a given position, and the age at which the pension was granted.

About the counting rules

A huge role is played, as already mentioned, by the payment of a labor type. The appointment of an insurance pension is a very important nuance. In the Russian Federation, a simple system for calculating the amounts to be paid was introduced.

According to the latest information provided by the Pension Fund of Russia, citizens can find out the amount of state support for the population as follows: multiply the number of retired pension points for life with the cost of one point. Then add the basic pension to the amount received. In the end, the size of the pension, appointed by the state, will be obtained.

The main problem is to calculate the existing pension points, as well as to obtain information about the cost of one such point. These components change annually. In 2017, one point is 78 rubles 28 kopecks. A basic payment is 4,805 rubles 11 kopecks. Such information is relevant for February 1, 2017.

Indexing

Pension savings in Russia are indexed annually. This is a kind of measure to maintain the disabled population in a viable state. As a rule, indexing is carried out 2 times a year. On the appointment of a pension does not affect, all recalculations take effect automatically.

In 2017 there was no indexation. Instead, pensioners are guaranteed a lump sum payment of 5,000 rubles. Such a measure is forced. It was adopted in the conditions of the crisis prevailing in the country.

Nevertheless, the indexation was not completely canceled. You can count on it again. Recalculation of pensions is carried out by the state. You should not think about how this is done.

Social pension

Terms of appointment of pensions are various. Not all citizens can gain the required length of service to retirement age. In this case, they are able to count on a social pension.

But in doing so, it is still necessary to observe a few simple conditions. Namely:

1. A citizen must have Russian citizenship for at least 15 years. Or permanently reside on the territory of the country specified earlier period of time.
2. Reach a specific age. Social pension is given to all citizens, but it is paid later labor. Women receive it at 60 years, and men at 65.

There are no other requirements. The size of the social pension will not be as high as in the case of labor payment.

About appointment

And what will it take to get state support in old age? What is the procedure for awarding a pension? Where should I go to become a pensioner?

Every citizen, subject to the conditions listed above, must appear in the territorial Pension Fund of Russia and write an application for the appointment of pension benefits. With him, he brings certain documents. Their list varies depending on the category of citizen.

Most often required:

• Application of the established sample (taken in the FIU, to be filled in the same place);
• Identity card (passport);
• SNILS;
• Details of the account to which the money will be transferred (preferably, but not necessarily);
• Information on the composition of the family (not necessarily);
• Birth certificates for all children;
• Military ticket (for men);
• References indicating some non-labor periods that will be considered work;
• Work record book;
• Documents confirming the conduct of business (if any).

No more inquiries will be required. The appointment and payment of pensions is carried out in the shortest possible time. The list of necessary securities varies depending on the situation. Most often it is necessary to attach certificates of disability.

Conclusions and conclusions

Henceforth it is clear how the appointment of a labor pension or any other occurs. About systems for calculating pension payments is also known. In recent times, the formation of a funded part of pensions is of great importance in the Russian Federation. Often, citizens make voluntary contributions to non-state pension funds in order to receive certain funds from the formed fund.

The pension system of the Russian Federation is an extremely complex sphere of life for the population. It is constantly changing. Therefore, every citizen should follow the changes. The appointment of an old-age pension, like any other, will not cause problems for the population.