Diuresis - what is it? Symptoms and Treatment

One of the products of the vital activity of the human body is urine. It is formed in the kidneys, enters the bladder and is removed from it through the urethra. Experts, discussing this topic, use such term as "diuresis". What it is? How does this concept relate to the functioning of the urinary system?

The essence of diuresis

By this term, experts understand the amount of urine extracted from the body for a certain time period. Most often, daily diuresis is measured. The norm should be as follows:

• In 1 month - 320 ml;
• In 1-2 years - 450 ml;
• In 2-5 years - 520 ml;
• In 5-8 years - 680 ml;
• In 8-11 years - 850 ml;
• In 11-18 years - from 1 to 1.1 liters;
• In adults from 1.2 to 1.5 liters.

Indivisible concepts - daily diuresis and water balance. A person drinks from 1.5 to 2 liters of liquid per day. When comparing this volume and the amount of urine output, the indicator "water balance" is obtained. In norm it is equal to 75%. Water balance is negative and positive. In the first case of urine, less than 75% is released, and in the second case, more than 75% of the volume of the drunk liquid. Abnormalities indicate a violation of the urinary system.

Violation of diuresis

The normal functioning of the urinary system in humans can be violated for various reasons:

• Infectious diseases of these organs (eg, pyelonephritis);
• Disturbed blood supply to the kidneys (shock states, atherosclerosis);
• Congenital pathologies (polycystosis, hypoplasia);
• Violation of excretory function (urolithiasis);
• Kidney damage in intoxications and severely leaking diseases (sepsis).

Polyuria is a condition in which diuresis increases (the norm is significantly exceeded). The decrease in the volume of the liquid released from the body is called oliguria. Sometimes urine generally ceases to flow into the bladder. This state is called anuria. But when specialists talk about ishuria, they imply urinary retention in the bladder because of the inability to self-urinate.

About polyuria

In this condition, daily diuresis is more than 2 liters. Polyuria occurs in absolutely healthy people due to the consumption of large amounts of water. Sometimes it is observed during pregnancy. An increase in daily diuresis may also be caused by certain diseases (diabetes insipidus and diabetes, polycystic kidney disease, arterial hypertension).

Polyuria is manifested by increased urination. There are no other symptoms of an increase in daily diuresis. In patients, only signs that are characteristic of diseases that cause polyuria can be observed. However, each ailment has its own symptomatology.

For physiological reasons, polyuria should not be treated. It is recommended only to revise the diet, avoid the use of a large volume of fluid. For pathological reasons, appropriate treatment is necessary. Therapy depends on the existing disease. In addition to treating the disease, specialists are taking measures to compensate for losses of electrolytes and liquid.

About oliguria

Asked the question: "Diuresis: what is it?", It is worth considering oliguria. With her from the human body can be excreted about 500 ml of urine per day. This condition is physiological, that is, associated with the use of less water or increased sweating during the hot season. Sometimes oliguria arises because of pathological causes (at a high body temperature, prolonged diarrhea, vomiting, bleeding).

When a daily diuresis decreases, specialists prescribe a survey. In the course of it, the causes that caused oliguria are elucidated. Often diagnosed nephritis - inflammatory kidney disease. In some cases, daily diuresis changes in a smaller direction due to pathologies of the cardiovascular system.

Therapy is prescribed to the patient taking into account the reasons for oliguria. In general, the treatment scheme is as follows:

• With the help of various drugs, a pathogenic factor is blocked, due to which diurnal diuresis decreased;
• Restoration of disturbed homeostasis;
• Eliminated complications.

The decrease in daily diuresis is completely reversible, provided that you have a timely call to the doctor. If you do not think about the question: "Diuresis: what is it?", Do not turn in time to a specialist, oliguria will go to anuria.

About anuria

Very often anuria is confused with ishuria (acute urination delay). However, these are completely different concepts. In acute urination retention, fluid accumulates in the bladder, but does not separate from it. In anuria, urine does not enter the body at all. Anuria can be:

1. Prerenalnaya. It is associated with an insufficient inflow of blood to the kidneys. This occurs with thrombosis of the inferior vena cava and renal arteries, acute heart failure.
2. Renal. The essence of this pathology is a significant lesion of the renal parenchyma, which occurs in various diseases and damage to the kidneys (for example, in the late stages of chronic pyelonephritis).
3. The Arenal. Anuria, which is caused by the absence of kidneys.
4. Subrenal. Lack of urine in the bladder is caused by squeezing the upper urinary tract.

Anuria is a condition in which the patient needs immediate help from specialists. Diagnosis is done before treatment. Then hemodialysis is performed - extrarenal blood purification, normalization of electrolyte and water balance disturbances. If the diagnosis reveals the subrenal cause of anuria, then the doctors perform a surgical procedure.

About Ishuriy

Discussing the topic: "Diuresis: what is it?", It is worth paying attention to ishuria. This is a condition in which urine enters the bladder in a normal volume, but is not withdrawn from there. The patient has the following symptoms:

• Strong urge to go to the toilet;
• Protrusion above the pubis;
• Pain in the area of a full bladder.

More often than not, men face with ishuria. They have this condition due to inflammatory processes in the prostate gland, prostate cancer, the presence of concrements. In the case of ishuria, emergency care is needed. It consists in conducting a catheterization.

If catheter placement is not possible, the specialists conduct cystostomy - a procedure in which urine is excreted from the body through a special tube inserted through the abdominal wall into the bladder. After the provision of emergency care, treatment is prescribed, which helps to eliminate the causes of ishuria.

In conclusion, it should be noted that there is still such a thing as "forced diuresis." This term indicates the method of therapy used for poisoning. In the body, diuretics and liquid are simultaneously administered. As a result, urination is stimulated. From the body, toxic substances are rapidly released along with urine. For comparison, the following information can be given: normally in the body of a healthy person, urine is formed from 0.7 to 1.3 ml per minute, and with forced diuresis, the indicator increases to 8-10 ml per minute.