Biography of Dalia Vladimir Ivanovich: interesting facts from life and photos

Vladimir Ivanovich Dahl, whose biography will be described in this article, is a Russian scholar and writer. He was a corresponding member of the Physics and Mathematics Department of the Petersburg Academy of Sciences. He was one of the 12 founders of the Russian Geographical Society. He knew at least 12 languages, including several Turkic. The greatest popularity was brought to him by the compilation of the Explanatory Dictionary of the Great Russian Language.

A family

Vladimir Dal, whose biography is well known to all fans of his work, was born in 1801 in the territory of modern Lugansk (Ukraine).

His father was a Dane, and Ivan received the Russian name along with Russian citizenship in 1799. Ivan Matveyevich Dahl knew French, Greek, English, Yiddish, Hebrew, Latin and German, was a physician and theologian. His linguistic abilities were so high that Catherine II herself invited Ivan Matveyevich to St. Petersburg to work in the court library. Later, he went to Yen to study for a doctor, then returned to Russia and received a medical license.

In St. Petersburg, Ivan Matveyevich married Maria Freitag. They had four boys:

• Vladimir (born 1801).
• Carl (born 1802). He served all his life in the Navy, had no children. He was buried in Mykolayiv (Ukraine).
• Paul (born 1805). He was sick with tuberculosis and because of poor health he lived with his mother in Italy. He had no children. He died in his youth and was buried in Rome.
• Leo (year of birth is unknown). He was killed by Polish rebels.

Maria Dal knew 5 languages. Her mother was a descendant of an ancient family of French Huguenots and studied Russian literature. Most often she translated into Russian the works of AV Iffland and S. Gesner. Grandfather Mary Dahl is an official of the pawnshop, a collegiate assessor. In fact, he forced the father of a future writer to become a medical profession, considering it to be one of the most profitable.

Learning

Primary education Vladimir Dal, a brief biography of which is in textbooks on literature, received at home. Parents from childhood instilled in him a love of reading.

At age 13, Vladimir, along with his younger brother, entered the St. Petersburg Cadet Corps. There they studied for 5 years. In 1819 Dal was promoted to midshipman. By the way, he will write about his studies and service in the Navy 20 years later in the novella "The Midshipman Kisses, or Live Things Look Back."

After serving in the Navy until 1826, Vladimir entered the Medical Faculty of the University of Dorpat. He earned his living by giving Russian lessons. Due to lack of funds, he had to live in an attic room. Two years later, Dahl was enrolled in state-owned pupils. As one of his biographers wrote: "Vladimir plunged into his studies with a head". Especially he leaned on the Latin language. And for his work on philosophy he was even awarded a silver medal.

Interruption of studies had to with the beginning of the Russo-Turkish war in 1828. In the trans-Danubian region, cases of plague have increased, and the army in need required a strengthening of the medical service. Vladimir Dal, whose brief biography is known even to foreign writers, passed the exam on a surgeon ahead of schedule. His thesis was called "On the successful method of trepanation of the skull and the hidden ulceration of the kidneys."

Medical activity

During the battles of the Polish and Russian-Turkish companies, Vladimir proved to be a brilliant military doctor. In 1832 he became an intern at the St. Petersburg Hospital and soon became a well-known and respected doctor in the city.

PI Melnikov (biographer Dahl) wrote: "Having departed from surgical practice, Vladimir Ivanovich did not abandon medicine. He found new addictions - homeopathy and ophthalmology. "

Military Activities

Biography of Dal, whose brief content shows that Vladimir always achieved his goals, describes the case when the writer showed himself as a soldier. This happened in 1831 with the crossing of General Ridiger across the river Vistula (Polish company). Dal helped build a bridge across it, defended it, and after the crossing - destroyed it. For failure to perform direct medical duties, Vladimir Ivanovich received a reprimand from his superiors. But later the king personally awarded the future ethnographer Vladimir cross.

The first steps in literature

Dal, whose brief biography was well known to his descendants, began his literary career with a scandal. He composed an epigram on Craig - the commander-in-chief of the Black Sea Fleet and Julia Kulchinskaya - his civil wife. For this Vladimir Ivanovich was arrested in September 1823 for 9 months. After the acquittal of the court, he moved from Nikolaev to Kronstadt.

In 1827 Dahl published his first poems in the journal Slavic. And in 1830 he revealed himself as a prose writer in the novel The Gypsy, published in the Moscow Telegraph. Unfortunately, one article can not tell in detail about this wonderful work. If you want more information, you can refer to thematic encyclopedias. Reviews of the story can be found in the section "Dal Vladimir: Biography". For children, the writer also compiled several books. The greatest success enjoyed the "First Pervinka", as well as "Pervinka other."

Recognition and second arrest

As a writer, Vladimir Dal, whose biography is well known to all schoolchildren, became famous for his book "Russian Fairy Tales", published in 1832. The rector of the Dorpat Institute invited his former student to the department of Russian literature. Vladimir's book was accepted as a thesis for a doctorate in philosophy. Now everyone knew that Dahl was a writer, a biography Which is an example for imitation. But there was trouble. The work itself was rejected by the Minister of Education as unreliable. The reason for this was the denunciation of Mordvinov.

Biography Dahl describes this event as follows. At the end of 1832, Vladimir Ivanovich made a detour through the hospital in which he worked. People came in uniform, arrested him and took him to Mordvinov. He fell on the doctor with a square swearing, waving "Russian fairy tales" in front of his nose, and sent the writer to prison. Vladimir helped Zhukovsky, who at that time was the teacher of Alexander - the son of Nicholas I. Zhukovsky described to the heir to the throne everything that happened in an anecdotal light, describing Dal as a modest and talented person, awarded medals and orders for military service. Alexander convinced his father of the absurdity of the situation and Vladimir Ivanovich was released.

Acquaintance and friendship with Pushkin

Any published biography of Dahl contains the moment of acquaintance with the great poet. Zhukovsky repeatedly promised to Vladimir that he would introduce him to Pushkin. Dahl was tired of waiting and, taking a copy of the "Russian Fairy Tales", which were withdrawn from sale, went to introduce himself to Alexander Sergeevich himself. Pushkin, in return, also gave Vladimir Ivanovich a book - "The Tale of the Priest and of his Worker Balda." Thus began their friendship.

At the end of 1836 Vladimir Ivanovich arrived in Petersburg. Pushkin visited him many times and asked about linguistic findings. The poet really liked the word "slobber" from Dahl. It meant a skin that is dropped after the wintering of a snake and a snake. During the next visit, Alexander Sergeevich asked Dal, pointing to his coat: "Well, is my slobber good? I will not crawl out of it soon enough. I'll write masterpieces in it! "In this frock-coat, he was in a duel. In order not to inflict unnecessary suffering on the wounded poet, the "slobber" had to be rebuffed. By the way, even the biography of Dahl for children describes this case.

Vladimir Ivanovich took part in the treatment of the mortal wound of Alexander Sergeevich, although the poet's relatives did not invite Dahl. Learning that a friend was badly hurt, he came to him himself. Pushkin was surrounded by several distinguished doctors. In addition to Ivan Spassky (home doctor of Pushkin) and court physician Nikolai Arendt, there were three more specialists. Alexander Sergeyevich joyfully greeted Dahl and with a plea asked: "Tell the truth, I'll soon die?" Vladimir Ivanovich answered professionally: "We hope that everything will be fine and you should not despair." The poet shook his hand and thanked him.

When he died, Pushkin presented Dahl with his gold ring with an emerald, with the words: "Vladimir, take it as a souvenir." And when the writer shook his head, Alexander Sergeyevich repeated: "Take it, my friend, I'm no longer destined to compose." Subsequently, Dal wrote about this gift to V. Odoyevsky: "How can I look at this ring, so immediately I want to create something decent." Dal visited the poet's widow in order to return the gift. But Natalia Nikolayevna did not accept him, saying: "No, Vladimir Ivanovich, this is for you to remember. And yet, I want to give you a pierced jacket. " It was the above-described frock-coat.

Marriage

In 1833, Dal's biography was marked by an important event: he took Julia Andre's wife. By the way, she personally knew Pushkin himself. His impressions of the acquaintance with the poet Julia conveyed in letters to E. Voronina. Together with his wife, Vladimir moved to Orenburg, where they had two children. In 1834 the son of Leo was born, and after 4 years - the daughter of Julia. Together with the family, Dahl was transferred to an official for fulfilling special assignments under the governor VA Perovsky.

Widowed, Vladimir Ivanovich again married in 1840 on Catherine Sokolova. She gave birth to the writer three daughters: Mary, Olga and Catherine. The latter wrote memories of her father, who were published in 1878 in the journal Russky Vestnik.

Naturalist

In 1838, for a collection of collections on the fauna and flora of the Orenburg region, Dalya was elected a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences at the Department of Natural Sciences.

Dictionary

Anyone who knows the biography of Dahl knows about the main work of the writer - "The Explanatory Dictionary". When he was collected and processed to the letter "P", Vladimir Ivanovich wanted to retire and concentrate completely on work on his brainchild. In 1859, Dahl moved to Moscow and settled in the house of Prince Shcherbaty who wrote "The History of the Russian State". In this house were the last stages of work on the dictionary, which is still unsurpassed in terms of volume.

Dal set himself tasks that can be expressed in two quotes: "People's living language should become a treasury and a source for the development of literate Russian speech"; "General definitions of concepts, objects and words - this is an impossible and useless thing." And the object is more common and simpler, the more wise it is. The explanation and transmission of the word to other people is much more intelligible than any definition. And the examples help to clarify the matter even more. "

To achieve this great goal, the linguist Dahl, whose biography is in many literary encyclopedias, spent 53 years. This is what Kotlyarevsky wrote about the dictionary: "Literature, Russian science and the whole society received a monument worthy of the greatness of our people. Dahl's work will be a source of pride for future generations. "

In 1861, for the first editions of the dictionary, the Imperial Geographical Society awarded Vladimir Ivanovich Konstantinovskaya a medal. In 1868 he was elected to honorary members of the Academy of Sciences. And after the publication of all the volumes of the dictionary, Dahl received the Lomonosov Prize.

Last years

In 1871, the writer fell ill and invited an Orthodox priest on the matter. Dahl did this because he wanted to take part in the Orthodox rite. That is, shortly before his death he took Orthodoxy.

In September 1872, Vladimir Ivanovich Dal, whose biography was described above, died. He was buried with his wife at the Vagankovskoye cemetery. Six years later, they also betrayed the land and his son Leo.