Finnish one-story: design and construction

The advantages of wooden houses preserve the relevance of natural lumber even today, in an age of practical and high-strength blocks. Unfortunately, the domestic construction industry continues to use the long-mastered technologies for building such structures without offering anything new. And it is quite natural that companies are looking for modern solutions abroad. In this regard, the Finnish one-storey buildings can be considered as an acceptable option for people who value the environment in their homes, build quality and affordable price. The country of Suomi, like Russia, has huge woodlands, which has determined the focus on wooden houses. It would seem that our building technologies from the timber have a considerable list of advantages, but the Finnish technologies assume a number of significant features, which allowed them to get quite widespread in the world.

Preparatory measures for construction

There is a misconception that the plans for a new house should first of all rely on the project, and then already choose the site. Experts recommend to do otherwise: first acquire land, and then on the basis of available parameters to proceed with the selection or development of a project solution. The features of the plot, for example, can affect the percentage of building area, the configuration and location of the building, the slope of the roof structure and even the color, since the present Finnish house fits naturally into the environment. And yet, the choice of the site should be approached with at least an approximate idea of the future house. The optimal approach involves the participation of architects in this process, who will subsequently accompany the development and implementation of the project at the construction stages. In addition, it is important to correlate financial opportunities and construction time with the requirements of the company-builder, because in the process of performing work, their correction entails many difficulties.

Features of the construction of Finnish houses

Ideal homes do not exist and often to gain some qualities you need to sacrifice others. In the construction sector this is most noticeable. Therefore, do not think that the projects of Finnish single-storey houses embody unlimited operational and functional capabilities. There are some limitations, but, again, they allow you to achieve more weighty advantages.

So, in the classical Finnish house there is no building under the garage, there is no attic and a basement. For these objects, as a last resort, it is possible to provide separate buildings.

The Finnish architects pay the greatest attention to planning. So, the optimal height of the premises varies from 2.2 to 2.5 m. These parameters are determined by the desire to minimize the cost of heating. However, with the adaptation of projects to the needs of Russians, the height often increases to 2.7 m. Also, among the features that Finnish single-storey houses possess, there are two entrances, a large kitchen area, open verandas and small storerooms.

Design

At this stage, in fact, the concept of a house with the above-described design features is embodied. Do not consider them as a reality, from which you can not escape. For this, special project development services are provided. Specialists can change the configuration of the location of rooms, enter or exclude rooms with certain functions and, of course, calculate the area. Also it is worth paying attention to the existing projects of Finnish single-storey houses, which provide for a national sauna. If the residents of the country of Suomi do without the garage and basement, then without this accommodation Finnish housing is difficult to imagine. Like the traditional Russian house.

Material for home

For the construction of Finnish houses a glued beam is used. This choice is due to the characteristics of coniferous species - during operation, the material does not crack, retains its original dimensions and does not warp into structures. It is important to note the variety of lumber. For example, one-storey Finnish wooden houses from a wide beam differ in solid appearance and maintain an optimal microclimate without special thermal insulation. The choice of the type of wood is no less important. Some houses have a special pearl ebb - so the texture of the fir, which retains a light tint, as opposed to a pine, which eventually can darken, is manifested. Also spruce has moisture resistance, which is due to the density of the structure of wood fibers.

Foundation construction

A feature of the foundations that are arranged for Finnish houses is the possibility of their subsequent reconstruction and the erection of a new building on this basis. The structure is formed with concrete and reinforced concrete. The type of foundation can be any - for example, the practice of laying columnar, plate and tape structures. As the Finnish one-storey buildings are mostly of small mass, there are no special restrictions on the depth of the plot.

Nevertheless, this does not eliminate the need for hydrological and geological research, which allows you to determine the requirements for the foundation. There are also unique developments of Finnish companies in this field. One of them is the technology of using bored piles. Using this technique, builders build a foundation for a Finnish house for a week, while spending the minimum amount of materials and, accordingly, money.

Building a house

The construction of the main part is carried out with the help of kits with a beam, which are brought to the construction site. Then the first three crowns are laid out on the foundation. At this stage the waterproofing is laid between the first level of the log frame and the foundation. The crowning is made by means of metal studs or wooden nagels. To get a one-story Finnish house from a bar with the correct geometry, specialists after the arrangement of the first wreaths check the correctness of their position horizontally.

Then the construction of the supporting elements of the frame begins. Here it is important to note that the walls themselves can be not only beams. In Finland, the technology of frame construction, which intersects in some technical details with the classical method, is quite common. In this case, Finnish one-storey buildings can be assembled from wooden panels, and in the places where the tiled finish is planned, a metal profile is also applied.

Roof installation

First of all, rafters are installed, which will form a structure for roofing. Again, a feature of Finnish technology is the consideration of risks to the design when shrinking the building. The slightest movement can lead to deformation of the roofing "pie". For this reason, Finnish one-storey buildings are erected using "sliding" elements, which compensate for the effects of loads during shrinkage.

Conclusion

At first glance, Finnish technology offers a completely customary solution for Russian construction of a wooden house. But in operation, even minor factors are manifested, which are initially calculated by the architects. In particular, the foundation of bored piles eliminates the presence of cold zones, the use of a wide glued beam of spruce provides durability and insulation without additional means, and the features of the configuration of the premises contribute to the rational operation of the area. In the end, Finnish single-storey houses are endowed with such properties as durability, environmental friendliness and attractive appearance. But recently, technologists are betting on energy efficiency. And in this regard, the Finnish projects can hardly be called ideal. Even without special heaters, the properly selected bar ensures the preservation of heat, thus reducing energy costs.