Anatomical structure of human lungs

The structure of the human respiratory system ensures its work in the body to ensure gas exchange. The human respiratory system consists of airways and the respiratory department formed by the alveoli. Airways are composed of nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchi. In them, air is heated, moistened, cleaned of dust. In the respiratory department of the respiratory system, oxygen and carbon dioxide gas exchange occurs. Consider the structure of the lungs.

Lungs are located in the chest and occupy most of it. Their surface, with the exception of the root segment, is covered with a visceral pleura. Between the sheets of the parietal and visceral pleura there is a closed pleural cavity.

Through the roots of the lungs connect with the main bronchi, blood and lymph vessels, nerves.

Segmental structure of human lungs

The right lung forms three lobes, the left lung - two. Each share consists of segments. The latter are the structural and functional unit of the lungs. The segment in shape resembles a pyramid, the apex pointing to the root of the lung, and the base to the pleura. The border between segments is the connective tissue, where intersegmental vessels are located.

In the right lung, the upper lobe consists of the apical, posterior and anterior segments, the middle segment is from the outer and the inner segments, the lower one from the posterior-superior medial, basal, anterior basal, lateral basal and posterior basal segments.

In the left lung, the upper lobe combines the apical, posterior, anterior, upper and lower tongue segments, the lower one - posterolateral, medial basal, anterior basal, lateral basal and posterior basal segments.

In the left lung, the medial basal segment is unstable, and the apical and posterior segment have a common bronchus.

The bronchopulmonary segment is an anatomical, physiological and clinical unit within which a pathological process develops.

Pulmonary arteries and veins form a system of a small circle of blood circulation, which enters the structure of the circulatory system of man. A small circle begins with a pulmonary trunk, which leaves the right ventricle of the heart and carries venous blood into the lungs. In the alveoli of the lungs, gas exchange occurs, as a result of which the blood is enriched with oxygen and enters through the pulmonary veins into the left atrium. Autonomous blood supply to the lungs and bronchi is provided by the bronchial arteries and veins that enter the system of a large circulation.

Lymph from the lungs flows down the lymphatic vessels to the lung root, passing on its way through the lymph nodes. A significant number of lymph nodes are located near the main bronchi and trachea.

The innervation of the bronchopulmonary apparatus is due to the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system.

Structure of the lungs and functions of the respiratory system

The anatomical structure of the lungs of man provides external respiration. It provides for pulmonary ventilation and diffusion of gases through the air-blood barrier. The general functioning of the respiratory, circulatory and cellular respiration system forms a single functional system, whose work is aimed at maintaining the normal course of metabolic processes in the body.

In addition to the function of respiration, the lungs perform a number of non-respiratory functions: metabolic, thermoregulatory, secretory, barrier, excretory. They are involved in many biochemical processes. To the respiratory functions of the lungs are also included anti-inflammatory and immunological.

You should carefully monitor the condition of the lungs and try to lead a healthy lifestyle.