The temperature of the Sun and other interesting information about this star

In outer space, many small and large stars. And if we talk about the inhabitants of the Earth, then the main star for them is the Sun. It consists of 70% hydrogen and 28% helium, with metals accounting for less than 2%.

If it were not for the Sun, there might not be life on Earth. Our ancestors knew how much their way of life and life depended on the heavenly body, worshiped and deified it. The sun called the Greeks Helios, and the Romans called it Sol.

The sun has a huge impact on our lives. This is a huge incentive to study how changes occur within this "fireball", and how these changes can affect us now and in the future. Numerous scientific researches give us an opportunity to look into the distant past of the planet. The sun is about 5 billion years old. In 4 billion years it will shine much brighter than now. In addition to increasing luminosity and size for many billions of years, the Sun is changing and at shorter intervals.

A period of change is known such as the solar cycle, in which moments, minima and maxima of solar activity are observed . Owing to observations over several decades, it has been established that an increase in the light activity and dimensions of the Sun, which began in the distant past, exists even now. Over the past few cycles, light activity has increased by about 0.1%. These changes, whether they are fast or gradual, definitely have a huge impact on earthlings. However, the mechanisms of this influence have not yet been fully studied.

The temperature of the Sun at the center of the star is very high, about 14 billion degrees. Thermonuclear reactions occur in the core of the planet, i.e. The reaction of fission of hydrogen nuclei under pressure, as a result of which one nucleus of helium and a huge amount of energy are released. With a deepening inside the temperature of the Sun should increase rapidly. It can be determined only theoretically.

The temperature of the Sun in degrees is:

• The temperature of the crown is 1500000 degrees;
• Core temperature - 13,500,000 degrees;
• The temperature of the Sun on Celsius on the surface is 5726 degrees.

A huge number of scientists from different countries are making studies of the structure of the Sun, trying to recreate the process of thermonuclear fusion in terrestrial laboratories. This is done to find out how the plasma behaves in real conditions, in order to repeat these conditions on the Earth. The sun, in fact, is a huge natural laboratory.

The atmosphere of the Sun, about 500 km thick, is called the photosphere. Due to convection processes in the atmosphere of the planet, heat flows from the low layers move to the photosphere. The sun rotates, but not like the Earth, Mars ... The sun is basically a hard body.

Similar effects of solar rotation are observed in gas planets. Unlike the Earth, the layers on the Sun have different rotational speeds. The equator rotates the fastest, rotation in one turn is performed in about 25 days. At a distance from the equator, the rotation speed decreases, and somewhere around the poles of the Sun the rotation takes about 36 days. The solar power is about 386 billion megawatts. Every second about 700 million tons of hydrogen are 695 million tons of helium and 5 million tons of energy in the form of gamma rays. Due to the fact that the temperature of the Sun is so high, the reaction of hydrogen to helium is successfully proceeding.

The sun also emits a low-density flux of charged particles (mostly protons and electrons). This stream is called the solar wind, which spreads throughout the solar system at a speed of about 450 km / sec. The streams continuously flow from the Sun into space, respectively, and toward the Earth. The solar wind carries a mortal threat to all life on our planet. It can have dramatic consequences for the Earth: from jumps in the power line, radio interference to beautiful auroras. If there was no magnetic field on our planet, life would stop in a matter of seconds. The magnetic field creates an impenetrable barrier for fast charged particles of the solar wind. In the areas of the north pole, the magnetic field is directed into the interior of the Earth, because of which the accelerated particles of the solar wind penetrate much closer to the surface of our planet. Therefore, at the North Pole we observe polar northern lights. The solar wind can also cause danger by interacting with the terrestrial magnetosphere. This phenomenon is called magnetic storms. Magnetic storms have a strong impact on human health. Especially these reactions are noticeable in the elderly.

The solar wind is not all that the Sun can do to us. The greatest danger is the solar flares, often occurring on the surface of the luminary. Flashes emit a huge amount of ultraviolet and X-ray radiation, which is directed toward the Earth. These emissions are fully capable of absorbing the Earth's atmosphere, but they carry a great danger to all objects in space. Radiation can harm artificial satellites, stations and other space technology. Also, radiation adversely affects the health of cosmonauts working in outer space.

Since the appearance of the Sun has already used about half of the hydrogen in the nucleus, and will continue to emit for another 5 billion years, gradually increasing in size. After this time interval, the remaining hydrogen in the core of the star will be completely exhausted. By this time, the Sun will reach its maximum size and will increase in diameter by about 3 times (compared with the current value). It will resemble a red giant glowing ball. Part of the planets close to the Sun will burn in its atmosphere. In their number will enter and the Earth. By that time, mankind will have to find a new planet for habitation. After that, the temperature of the sun will begin to fall and, having cooled down, it will turn with time into a "white dwarf". However, this is all a matter of a very distant future ...