Adverb as part of speech

An adverb is a part of speech that denotes a feature of an object, action, property, or quality. The main feature of this feature is its non-processuality. The adverb as part of speech is characterized by the absence of word change, but there are a number of exceptions that form a comparative degree.

By the general meaning of non-processality, all adverbs are similar to adjectives. This value determines the functions of the word in the sentence: a verb, a noun or another adverb is defined. Thus between words there is such type of connection as adjacency. In addition, adverbs are used in the sentence as a function of the predicate and define the sentence in general. Proposals with adverbs are characterized by the presence of relations that arise in the syntactic connections of such words, and they are usually predetermined by lexical meanings. For example, the way home or everywhere water - the definition of the place, a meeting in the afternoon or today the sun - a definition of time, very cheerful - in degree, measure.

Adverbs ending with -e or -o have a morphological category of the degree of comparison, which is represented by two forms-positive and comparative degrees. For example, beautiful - beautiful, sweet - sweeter, bad - worse, well - better . A positive degree represents a feature beyond comparison, and in the form of a comparative degree the symptom appears as one that is found to a large extent in comparison with its other manifestation. The methods and significance of the formation of such forms coincide with the methods and meaning of the formation of the comparative degree of adjectives, and differ only syntactically from the latter.

Adverb as part of speech can be motivated or unmotivated. You can often find adverbs motivated by words that are unofficial parts of speech: adjectives (indifferently, friendly, in a good way), nouns (day, spring, above), numerals (twice), adverbs (rather weakly), verbs (swim, at random) , Pronouns (why).

Unmotivated adverbs are words that mean a sign as a circumstance: time (tomorrow, when, now), places (away, about), mode of action (how, otherwise), measures (so much).

In addition, the adverb as part of speech can be significant and pronominal, depending on whether it refers to a feature or merely points to it. Pronominal adverbs, in turn, are divided into personal (in my opinion), returnable (in their own way), index (here, then, so), identifying (everywhere, many), interrogative (from, why, how), vague ( Anywhere, anywhere) and negative (nowhere, anywhere, nowhere). Often the word "which" (part of the speech pronoun) is mistakenly called an adverb.

All adverbs are also divided into two categories: self-characterizing and circumstantial. The first denote qualities, properties, mode of action, the second - a sign that is external to the carrier. Also, characteristic dialects can be qualitative and quantitative. Qualitative adverbs are words on-o and-e, which are motivated by adjectives: cheerfully, sadly, slowly . They, as already mentioned above, can form degrees of comparison, from them it is possible to form adverbs with a weak degree of manifestation of a certain attribute (poorly) and strengthening of a sign (rannenko).

Qualitative adverbs also include so-called predicatives - words that act as the main term of a sentence with modal meanings of necessity, possibility, completion: it should, it is necessary, it is possible, it is impossible .

Adverb as part of speech is associated with most words in Russian. With independent words they are related word-formatively (motivated by other parts of speech), and unmotivated adverbs serve as the basis for the formation of prepositions, particles and unions.