Zoshchenko "History of the disease." Summary of the "History of the disease" Zoshchenko

Creativity Zoshchenko - a phenomenon quite original in Russian literature of the Soviet period. The writer had his own view of the processes characteristic of the time in which he lived. The author derived a whole gallery of characters in the satirical description, which later gave rise to the nominal definition "Zoshchenko's hero."

Characters of the author

His characters Zoshchenko always illustrated with humor. The writer's works are understandable and accessible to ordinary readers, and above all because their characters are ordinary people of that time, ordinary people. So, for example, in the story "Bath" the character is somewhat scattered, awkward, obviously not rich. The article illustrates the situation when the main character lost his number and offered to look for him "by signs", offering a rope from the number, then describes a worn-out, old coat with a torn pocket and one button. The author in this story shows the comic nature of the situation through the illustrated image. Yes, and all of the writer's works are devoted to just such cases.

Comic prose as a new artistic instrument

It should be noted that Zoshchenko stood at the very origins of satirical-humorous Russian prose. It was he who created the original comic novel, which became a continuation of the traditions of the early Chekhov, Leskov and Gogol in new historical circumstances. As a result, he managed to form his own, absolutely unique artistic style. About forty years, devoted to Russian prose, Mikhail Zoshchenko. "History of the disease," "Bath," other stories and satires became the classics of the satirical genre of the time. On the way of his creativity, the author himself notes that gradually he is depriving his stories of exaggeration, emphasizing that when in society they will speak absolutely elegantly, he will not fall behind from the century.

Structural rearrangement of the author's works

It should be noted that the rejection of the legend was not merely a formal act. This event entailed a structural reorganization of Zoshchenko's short stories. Stylistics, plot composition principles were subjected to change. Psychological analysis is also widely introduced. "History of the disease" Zoshchenko - one of these "updated works." On the example of this and many other "fresh" narratives, it can be noted that even externally the works become different - their volume has increased more than two or even three times. Often the author, as it were, returns to his early experience. But now this is a more mature approach, a qualitatively new attitude to comic works. Carrying out the analysis of Zoshchenko's story "The Case History", it becomes clear that the writer re-uses the traditions of the fictionalized satirical-humorous novel.

Artistic receptions

The feuilleton is directed against the existing "little sympathetic style" (as the author himself delicately expresses) the work of the institutions, in accordance with which an externally weakly discernable but effective system of dividing the population into two categories is established, the inequality between which was expressed quite clearly: on one side "we ", And on the other -" you ". In fact, as the author himself claims, "you" - this is "we", and "we" are partly "you". In the finale sounds a sad warning about some incongruity. It is this incongruity, which reached a certain grotesque degree, and is exposed in the work of M. M. Zoshchenko's "History of the disease." What is the narrative? About this later in the article.

Summary

"History of the disease" Zoshchenko illustrates the customs and life of some special hospital, where visitors are greeted by a "cheerful" poster on the wall about the mode of issuing corpses. At the same time, the newly admitted patient expresses his discontent with such an announcement. To which the paramedic responds that this poster can be criticized only by people who have recovered, and recovery in the hospital is unlikely. Further in the course of the narrative, the protagonist has to go through several more upheavals. First, the nurse leads him to the bathroom, where there is a bathtub in which an elderly woman is already sitting. The hero is invited to climb to the old woman and wash himself. It is clear, under normal circumstances, the nurse should apologize and reschedule the bathing procedure for another time. But the hospital employee was used to seeing patients, not people. And she does not consider it necessary to stand on ceremony with the sick. And at the sight of the confusion of the newly admitted patient, she simply says that the old woman, in fact, does not care who will be with her in the bathroom, because she does not react to anything, because of the fever. On this test the hero does not end. He gets a dressing gown not in size, then, a few days later, getting closer to recovery, gets infected with whooping cough. And all the same as at the beginning of the narrative, the nurse tells him that, apparently, he picked up the disease from the neighboring wings. In the neighborhood there was a children's department. The nurse suggested that the hero had the imprudence to eat from a plate that someone with pertussis used before. At the same time, Zoshchenko emphasizes that it is not the hospital staff responsible for sterility, but the patient himself, who behaves so unintentionally. When the main character recovers, he can not get out in any way. Then they forget about him, then someone is not there, then the staff of the institution is busy. We have not brought all the events that took place in the narrative, but only their brief content. Zoshchenko's "medical history" ends for the patient already at home.

"The last test" of the hero

Yes, the patient had to survive a lot ... You can guess about this without even bothering to read the full story, just look at the above summary. Zoshchenko's "case record", however, does not end there. What happened next? After the patient left the hospital after all and returned home, his wife tells that a week before his return, she received a notice that she took the corpse of her husband. As it turned out, it was sent by mistake. "The former patient" became so unpleasant that he wanted to go to the hospital. But remembering how things are there, he changed his mind. And I decided after this "last test" to be treated at home, myself.

The image of the central hero

To most accurately imagine the character of the work Zoshchenko's "Case History", you should take into account all those little dashes that are scattered in separate narratives. A great theme reveals all the work of the writer as a whole. Reading Zoshchenko's work "The History of the Disease", we see a psychological portrait of a man who has become accustomed to an insignificant position in society and to the fact that his whole destiny is nothing compared to any accepted instruction, paragraph or order. The author tries to show that people lose their self-esteem when they cease to be treated as thinking, original personalities. It is from here that the person begins to worship the officials, the disbelief in the selflessness of those who are close, and curry favor with those whom he has to depend on.

The eternal question of human happiness

Zoshchenko's work "The History of the Disease" is an illustration of not only the insignificant position of a citizen, but also the dependence of this position on the social standing, and the unwillingness of a person to change anything. Many contemporaries of the writer at first thought that with the legacy of the past it would be possible to finish quickly enough. But the author himself neither then nor later shared such benevolent illusions. Zoshchenko's story "The history of the disease" reflects, first and foremost, the writer's reaction to the life-threatening tenacity of various social weeds that so strikes him, without detracting from the abilities of the philistine and philistine to adaptability and mimicry. Subsequently, to solve the eternal question of human happiness, new prerequisites arise, due to powerful socialist reforms and the cultural revolution. All this has a significant influence on the direction and character of Zoshchenko's work. In the writings of the writer appear some instructive intonations. They were not in his narratives before. The author not only - and even not so much - tries to ridicule, how much patiently to explain, explain, having addressed to Conscience and the mind of readers.

Conclusion

Zoshchenko's story "The Case History" is, first and foremost, a depiction of extreme disrespect, rudeness, sincere callousness, manifested in relation to a person. All this vile attitude is brought to the limit. Writing out, for example, from a hospital, a person is glad that he left there at least alive. And, remembering in what conditions he was there, he decides to still be sick at home. And so it happens everywhere: wherever there is a "small" person, everywhere he will feel somehow humiliated. And it happens only because in it others see anyone - a buyer, a sick person, just a visitor, but not a person, not a person.