Self improvement, Psychology
What's in common between a pencil and a boot? Psychological testing
Mankind has reached all that is at the moment, not only because of its physical abilities, the basis of all discoveries and inventions has become a mental activity. Nowadays, there are many diseases and deviations from normal development, which can be diagnosed and cured. And many problems with mental activity helps to identify psychological testing.
Comparison method
The basis of psychological testing included the basic mental operations, such as analysis, comparison, synthesis, generalization, abstraction and specification. All of them are able to show different aspects of the basic activity of human thinking.
Through comparison, a person is able to compare objects and phenomena in order to find similarities and differences between them. While looking for similarities, you can see that many objects are similar in one and different in the other, and between some there is nothing in common. But the similarity or difference is determined depending on what characteristics of the subject matter are significant in a given period of time. Very often a person perceives the same things and actions in different ways, depending on the situation.
Comparison tests, or What is common between a pencil and a shoe
Throughout life, first in school, then at a university and sometimes when applying for a job, a person is offered to pass this test. In childhood, using the concepts of comparison, children are tested for the development of their creativity and determine what kind of thinking prevails in the child. At a more mature age, this test can be proposed to test how healthy the mind is in a person.
Word categories in the test
One of the most common questions in this case is comparison of disparate items. AR Lurii proposes to divide these words into three different categories. The simplest of them is a comparison of two words belonging to the same category, for example, a tram - a bus or a horse - a cow.
The operational side of thinking and its violation
If a person has a decrease in the functions responsible for the level of generalization in judgments, then he begins to evaluate objects and phenomena quite extensively. In other words, instead of isolating a common feature, they select a specific situation. That is, if you compare a book and a sofa, an unhealthy person will say that you can read it on it, without taking into account the factors that for a normal person will be more logical and reflect the specific similarities of these subjects. The main reason for the decline of such thinking is epilepsy, central nervous system damage and problems after head trauma. Using psychological testing, it is also checked whether the generalization process is distorted.
Examples of answers to the question of what is common between a pencil and a shoe (schizophrenia)
Some responses of people with thinking disorders were recorded. Considering examples of comparing different concepts of people with schizophrenia, we can see detached perceptions and overly abstract concepts. When comparing two vehicles, a bus and a tram, patients note the presence of windows, wheels and various stops. As for comparing animals such as a mouse and a cat, unhealthy people note that they are amenable to training, they can see in the dark and are used for scientific purposes, completely missing the main signs of similarity. With the most common question of what is common between a pencil and a shoe, patients distinguish such similarities as leaving traces, playing sounds and having rubber in the structure.
Conclusion
There are many such answers, but it should be borne in mind that a healthy person answers questions such as "what is common between a cock and a glass" and that they are not comparable. But the patient will try to find signs that make these concepts similar. For example, highlight the belonging to the kitchen or pay attention to the presence of ribs (specifying that the glass is faceted).
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