What is UAD? Universal educational activities in modern school education

In today's society, impregnated with the latest technology, the development of personal qualities and the ability to learn requires special efforts from both parents and teachers. In view of this situation, a new concept has been introduced into the teaching process. What is UAD? How to help a child learn to form his personality from an early age? How important are universal learning activities in modern society? We will try to provide answers to these questions.

The definition of DAL

Perhaps for teachers it is not difficult to answer the question about what is DAM, but parents often do not understand the abbreviations, and they do not know the concept of "universal educational activities". Many studied in the standard scheme created in the USSR. Teachers gave knowledge at the lessons, and the process of moral education took place at home. But today the world has changed, which means that the methods of teaching children in educational institutions must change.

Universal learning activities are the ability to learn, develop their abilities independently, and also to learn new knowledge and apply them in practice. In fact, this is a child's ability to self-development and self-improvement. In the initial classes it is necessary to teach the student to independently set tasks, see ways to solve them, analyze the information received and draw the right conclusions.

To date, children are well versed in technology, but do not think about elementary rules of conduct. What caused this unbalanced development? Will the new standards introduced in the Russian Federation cope with such a difficult task as the education of personalities from small children?

The reasons for changing the teaching methods

The 20th century was an industrial one, and the 21st century is informative. Children today are well versed in mobile phones, tablets and computers. The flow of information flows like a river to the child's psyche that has not yet been formed. As a result, they are not able to rework all the information they receive. As a result, children do not know how to study, independently carry out research and solve their tasks.

In addition, most parents focus on the intellectual development of their children and completely ignore the moral and spiritual upbringing. As a result, smart children are not able to develop communicative qualities and at the same time the desire to learn disappears. Pride, selfishness and inability to cooperate with other people lead to disastrous consequences both in school and in adulthood.

Today it is not fashionable to read books, especially classics. Children are more occupied with films and video games that do not contribute to the development of mental abilities. Hence, there are learning difficulties, poor imagination, inability to analyze the material read and to think logically.

These are just some of the reasons why the whole educational system is ripe. That is why universal general education is required to introduce universal teaching activities. Consideration of four types of DAL will help to better understand what actions will be required of the student.

Personal DALY

Consider the types of UAL, which relate to the development of personal qualities. They provide the students with value-semantic orientation , that is, the ability to compare events and actions with existing moral principles and moral norms. Children should learn not to lose themselves in relationships with others and in social roles. What kinds of activities are related to this?

• Self-determination. They distinguish personal, life and professional. The child must grow up as an individual and learn to express his own opinion.
• Sense formation. In fact, students must answer this question: "What does learning mean to me?" They must see the connection between learning and the motive that leads to action.
• Moral and ethical orientation. Evaluation of the study material, based on social and personal values. There is a personal choice based on moral principles.

Science and education are moving forward today, and in order to instill in the child vyskoe personal qualities, it is necessary to develop a love for books. Literary reading contributes to the development of meaningful, spiritual and creative activity. It must be borne in mind that every child is a person, he is individual and feels everything in his own way. It is necessary to develop his personality and encourage reading aloud for himself. This will help the student to notice that he is unclear, and what feelings arise when reading, and will encourage sharing with classmates.

Cognitive DRA

Include logical actions, general and symbolic-symbolic. These types of UAD contribute to the development of logical thinking in schoolchildren. What specifically include cognitive actions?

Logical actions cover the analysis of objects in order to detect certain characteristics, as well as the choice of criteria for comparing and classifying objects. It is required to find a causal relationship and construct a consistent chain of reasoning. Schoolchildren can give their evidence and put forward hypotheses with personal reasons.

The general educational activities include: an independent decision of the cognitive goal, finding useful information, structuring the knowledge gained. Schoolchildren should be able to express their thoughts reasonably and arbitrarily both in writing and in oral. It is necessary to solve the set tasks, finding your own algorithm and solving the arising problems creatively and with the search for necessary information.

To develop cognitive abilities in schoolchildren is necessary with the help of the UAL. Mathematics in the elementary classes helps to develop logic in solving problems, making up the schemes. A brief description of the condition of the problem gives the students a certain algorithm, which they can later use when solving more complex variants.

Regulatory DALY

Regulatory qualities provide the organization of students with their activities. In fact, they need to be able to organize themselves. To do this, you need to learn to set goals and achieve them. In the training activities will need to apply some principles.

The goal setting teaches children to set educational tasks and to correlate the already known material with the unfamiliar. Then planning is required - this means that the student is obliged to determine the sequence of actions in the solution of the task received, to work out a specific plan and follow it. Forecasting will help to see the preliminary result and the degree of assimilation, as well as the time scale for obtaining the result.

Control, correction and evaluation of actions will help to develop self-monitoring abilities. By monitoring and verifying their work with the proposed model, correcting their actions in accordance with the correct decision, the child learns to make the right decisions and develop a certain plan of action. Self-regulation is also required - the ability to mobilize one's own forces and overcome obstacles that have arisen.

Communicative qualities

Communicative UAL provide social awareness and consideration of the views of other people on the same issue. Children need to learn to listen and hear others, enter into a dialogue and learn to discuss the problems that arise peacefully, conduct discussions and build mutual relations with peers and adults.

To bring up such qualities from the teacher, it will be necessary to create situations in which cooperation between students is envisaged. For example, you can apply the technology of the UHD: students are invited to collaborate on the project, dividing the class into groups. For junior classes, the following tasks are given: "find differences in the same subjects, performed by different techniques" or "what tools are needed or not needed when performing a certain task". You can create a lot of tasks, the main thing is that they develop the communicative abilities of each child in the classroom.

Federal State Standard

To develop children's learning skills and personal qualities, new standards have been introduced. GEF "School of Russia" is a federal state educational standard introduced from September 1, 2011 throughout the territory of the Russian Federation. He makes a number of requirements for the teaching process in schools.

First of all, the requirements are made for the formation of the student's personality, and not only for the acquisition of necessary knowledge and skills. Thus, the system completely abandons the old training program. Secondary general education should form the personality of the student. The consequence of learning are personal, meta-subject and subject results.

An integral part of the new standard is the introduction of universal training activities. For the introduction of new methods, the UAL program was developed. For each subject a separate textbook is compiled, which helps teachers to form the required skills.

Along with the acquisition of standard learning skills and the upbringing of the student's personality, a technique is introduced to orient younger schoolchildren in information and communication technologies, as well as to develop their ability to use them wisely. How does it look in practice?

The introduction of DU in academic subjects

Thematic planning with the UAL will allow from the very first lessons to see in the students individual persons with their abilities. Since the peculiarity of the new standards is not only in the formation of the personality of the student, but also in the introduction of modern technologies, the teacher will need good preparation. The requirements include, along with the usual skills of traditional writing, the introduction of keyboard typing on the computer. This will help the child to quickly learn new technologies and develop memory, logic and the ability to communicate with peers.

To date, there is a whole system of textbooks for the new standards of the GEF "School of Russia". They passed federal expertise and received positive feedback from the Russian Academy of Sciences. All textbooks are included in the recommended federal list. They revised the approach to education. The materials explain what DMA is and how to apply it in practice. According to the new standards, textbooks are aimed at developing universal learning activities among students. They also contain a methodology for involving children in the learning process when studying all school subjects.

Innovations

The UUD school program helps teachers, with the help of modern teaching aids, to formulate the given skills in children. Special tasks have been included in the textbooks, which develop the ability of schoolchildren to independently formulate an academic task to a given topic or a specific lesson.

The number of tasks and questions of educational and fascinating nature, as well as for working in groups or in pairs, has been increased. They help the student to focus on his own point of view and link existing knowledge with real events.

In the textbooks there are new sections that help reflect on the recognized material: "What they learned. What We Learned "," We will check ourselves and evaluate our achievements ". The headings "Our projects", "Pages for the curious" and "Express your opinion" will help the teachers develop the necessary skills for junior schoolchildren.

UUD technology

What can be done new and how to incorporate the requirements of modern standards in the learning process? The experience of experienced teachers will help in this. What is the paramount need to form in younger schoolchildren? UHD on technology requires the teacher to be attentive to his students.

He will need to develop in children the ability to assess their own work, for this, an algorithm for assessing their work should be developed. In this case, it is important not to compare the students with each other, but to show the child's success in comparison with his past work.

The teacher should involve children in the discovery of new knowledge. To do this, it will be necessary to discuss together what the task is for, how it can be applied in life.

One more thing: it is the technology teacher who is obliged to help the children learn cooperation in the group. This basic skill of communicability develops only when working together. Here it is necessary to teach the children to discuss together the task posed, to find a collective solution of the problems and to analyze the result obtained.

For the formation of all kinds of skills will require a qualitative planning of the DAM, especially with younger schoolchildren. While children have not learned anything yet, various methods and tasks can be used. For example, the favorite children's game "find differences". You can specify the number of differences, but it is possible that the children themselves found and shared with their classmates.

There are different types of tasks that are aimed at the formation of universal training activities. For example, participating in projects, summing up the lessons, creative tasks, visual, motor and verbal perception of music.

Grade 3 (GEF) with DMA can already cope with more complex tasks, including ordering, compiling support schemes, working with different kinds of tables, correcting "deliberate" errors, finding necessary information in the proposed sources, and controlling.

To test knowledge, you can use KONOP (a quiz for a specific problem), a dialogue hearing, assignments to "prepare a story ...", "describe orally ...", "explain ...".

Technology can become a stronghold in the development of universal learning activities.

UUD for physical education

It may seem that in such a lesson, as physical education, you can not bring up the moral skills of children. But this is far from the case. New methods of upbringing and developing a correct attitude towards one's own health help to use the UUD for physical education.

It is the coach that can encourage a healthy lifestyle. How to develop skills in children, doing physical training? Let's start with what universal abilities can be developed.

• First, the child must be able to organize his activities, selectively use the means to achieve the goal.
• Secondly, be able to actively cooperate with the team, join forces with peers to achieve collective goals.
• Thirdly, only in physical education you can learn to present information simply, in expressive and vivid form, in the process of communication and cooperation with classmates and adults.

What personal qualities will students acquire? You can learn to communicate and cooperate with peers, based on the principles of respect and benevolence, mutual assistance and empathy. It is equally important to be able to express positive qualities of the person and manage their feelings in a variety of unusual circumstances and conditions. These results will help to grow a balanced person. Physical culture will contribute to discipline, diligence and perseverance in achieving the goals.

ISO

Each lesson of fine art should be focused on the solution of objective tasks and form certain qualities of the child. The DFGD on IZO helps to develop the necessary skills for younger schoolchildren.

An example of a teacher can inspire students to more readily explain their impressions of the seen picture, select words for expression of emotions, tell the elders and comrades about what they saw.

The joint creativity of children, divided into pairs or groups of several people, allows you to quickly acquire a positive experience in solving communicative and regulatory problems: here children learn and talk, and even defend their opinion, respect the partner's opinion, focus on the final result, and not personal , But the total. All this allows you to quickly join the team and acquire positive qualities.

For clarity, let us give an example of joint creativity. Children were given the task of drawing mittens in their hands. How can we evaluate their joint work on the actions they have taken? Evaluation levels are different.

• Low: patterns are drawn with obvious differences or in them there is no similarity at all. What happened? Children do not try to negotiate with each other, everyone insists on their preferences.
• Medium: the similarity is partial - individual drawings coincide, but there are also noticeable differences. The result of an inept agreement, everyone wanted to stand out.
• High: mittens are decorated with the same or with a very similar pattern. Children work with pleasure, animatedly discuss the available variations, compare the methods of action and coordinate them, build joint plans and monitor the implementation of their ideas. This option is the best way to show what is DAM, or rather its application in practice.

Due to the requirements of the new standards for teaching children new technologies, it is possible not only traditional visual arts, but also the use of computer technologies in the teaching of children. For example, draw a picture not only on the album sheet, but also to produce it in a certain program. You can also teach children to take photographs, photo reports, and teach them how to use graphics programs correctly.

Science and education are now going hand in hand, and the methods of teaching must also change in accordance with the needs of the new generation.