Dominants - this is what? The principle and types of dominants

Dominants are centers of excitement that dominate others over a given period of time. They are located in the central nervous system. The dominant principle was studied and formulated by the scientist A.A. Ukhtomsky. But this concept has long gone beyond the limits of the science of physiology. It is used in psychology, culture and even sexology.

What is the dominant in physiology?

A dominant is a persistent arousal, it necessarily acquires the importance of a dominant factor in the work of other foci. This center is able to accumulate in itself excitement coming from separate sources. He can also cause the process of inhibition in other foci, while reacting to the impulses that come to them, they can no longer. For example, in a fit of creativity a person can completely forget not only about food, but also about sleep. Sometimes this leads to exhaustion of the body. This is an example of a physiological dominant. The question remains, is this condition harmful?

There is such a thing as pathological dominants. This is an enhanced breakthrough in the central nervous system of the focus of excitation. The cause of the formation of such a dominant may be stress, infection, trauma. In addition, to provoke such a state is capable of a strong emotion: resentment, pain, fear or anger.

Unlike physiological, pathological dominants are harmful to humans. They limit its ability to adapt in the environment. This dominant contributes to the formation in the body of conditions that delay or cause a relapse of the painful process.

The dominant principle

All the moments in our life create favorable conditions in which any one function or activity becomes more significant than others. This is the principle of dominance. This means that the performance of one particular important function suppresses other, less significant ones. Many examples can be cited from the animal world. A cat, at the time of estrus, isolated from males, loses all interest in food and other needs. At this point in time, the process of reproduction is its dominant. And anything that does not belong to this function is suppressed. This is the sexual dominant. Suppress this state is almost impossible. Even the introduction of bromide preparations does not affect the behavior of the cat. The physiological dominant is extremely difficult to erase.

The doctrine of the dominant

According to Ukhtomsky, the dominant is a complex of certain symptoms that are revealed in the body: in secretory work, in muscles, in vascular activity. It is important to understand that this is not a single center of excitation in the central nervous system, but a set of centers with increased excitability in various places of the brain and spinal cord and, of course, in an autonomous system. Ukhtomsky believed that dominants have the ability to transform into any mental state. Moreover, it is the prerogative of the cerebral cortex, this is a common property of the entire CNS.

Dominant of culture

The notion of a dominant has found its application in the sphere of culture. It reflects the general way of understanding and vision of the world, the attitude of man to the social sphere and, of course, to nature. Dominant can take place in the national culture. It helps to carry its foundations through generations unified and unchanged. These are traditions, beliefs, national elements in clothing.

Of course, the dominant culture has a deeper meaning. It reflects the semantic unity of historical epochs, determines the stability of thinking and understanding of the world, integrates society into a spiritually meaningful whole. In all historical epochs, a cultural dominant acted as the life-initiating principle. In the ancient world it was a cosmocentric model. In medieval culture - Christianity, in the Renaissance - humanism. Currently, the idea of technological subordination of the surrounding nature dominates us. The moments of change of the dominant occur under the influence of a dialogical encounter or as a result of creative variations of traditions. But meanwhile this breakdown always entails catastrophic consequences for the semantic unity of the society.

Dominant in psychology

The notion of a "dominant" in psychology is a primary goal. It is she who directs all desires, actions and instincts of man to its fulfillment. At the same time, all other needs become secondary. It turns out that the dominant is something that is prioritized for man in comparison with other desires.

Examples of psychological dominance

Examples of dominants can be given a variety. For example, in women it can be clearly seen during pregnancy, lactation and especially at the time of delivery. Another example is a person suffering from alcoholism. In this case, addiction is the dominant. A person usually understands this, but alcohol gives him an imaginary feeling of relaxation and freedom. This becomes more important for him than his own health and clarity of mind. Another example is a workaholic. All his thoughts are taken up by work. He does not react to his family, he does not hear the indignation of a partner in life. For him, material wealth is more important than family values.

What is more important now for a person than other factors determines his actions and actions. He will go on about his dominant, even if he himself does not like his own actions. That's why sometimes there are conflicts. Not realizing their dominants, people cheat and do not keep their word. They can not pretend and go against their desires. Sometimes the desire to achieve the desired (a bottle of vodka, a new thing, a high position) is pushing a person to commit a crime. At the same time, he finds an excuse: "to get what you want, all means are good." It is the dominant dictates to man how to live.

Mother's dominant

In the period of expectation of the child, future moms have a change of values, the dominants change. It happens under the influence of hormones. A very persistent maternal dominant is formed in the body, that is, the excitement gradually builds up and is firmly maintained in certain specific foci of the brain. At the same time, braking is taking place in other centers, what used to be paramount earlier is receding into the background. A pregnant woman becomes more vulnerable and sentimental because of emotional changes. She can be upset and even cry for one insulting word.

With the increase in the period of pregnancy, a woman reconsiders her life. The old dominants are replaced by new ones. She thinks about how her life will change after the birth of the baby. A woman in the situation there are new hobbies and interests. She can start sewing or knitting, although she was not interested in it until she was pregnant. All her attention, as a rule, is aimed at enduring and giving birth to a healthy baby. The maternal dominant has three forms: gestational, lactational and generic. But each of them is certainly connected with her child.

Gestational dominant

As soon as a woman learns that after a while she will become a mother, the gestational dominant enters into force. For nine months, its priorities and life values are radically changing. She consciously and unconsciously does everything to endure her baby without complications. She tries to avoid scandals, stress. It drives away fears and emotions, because it understands that this can lead to a violation of the normal course of pregnancy.

Family dominant

This dominant is formed immediately before the labor activity. All the thought of a woman in this case takes the child's early appearance. A generic dominant is a preparation for quick changes in life. It is noticed that the week before the birth the behavior of the future mother becomes strange. It then goes into itself, then, on the contrary, it begins to build up a violent activity: it is cleaned carefully in the house, rewashes all the diapers, begins to collect the bag in the hospital. Even in the moment of fights, she can, as they say, "fad." There have been cases when a woman who did not want to give birth, for example, on the 13th, programmed herself so that the contractions lasted until the next day, after which she quickly and easily gave birth.

Lactational dominant

After the birth of a child, the woman is influenced by other dominants. This occurs during breastfeeding. Such a process helps the mother to establish an emotional relationship with the baby. An important role is also given to the intonation of a woman's voice, her facial expressions and physical touches. After giving birth, the mother and child represent a symbiosis. Such an effect allows a woman to adequately relate to nightly ascents, diaper changes and so on.

Can I change the dominant?

There are different kinds of dominants - it's useful, for example, the desire to be healthy and see your family happy, and harmful (smoking and alcoholism). However, the latter can be completely eliminated. There are two ways to do this. In the first case, it can be destroyed, in the second, replace the other.

If the first method was chosen, then the person will fundamentally have to revise all his life values and priorities. For example, if a person is unrequited in love, he will have to realize the whole hopelessness of the situation and, what is more difficult, to accept this fact. This will require both willpower and time. But the end result will be positive. The dominant will be destroyed.

In the second case, it is necessary to replace one desire with another. For example, a person with strong alcohol dependence decides to "tie" in order to save his family and work. In this version, the harmful dominant is substituted for more useful. The result is a complete escape from a harmful lifestyle.

Dominant in Sexual Relationships

In sexology, there is also the notion of a dominant. It is expressed in the relationship between people during sexual intercourse. A person who submits to the will of the other and follows his wishes is called a submissive. The dominant is the one who leads and dominates. He takes an active position and is fully controlled by the submissive.