What is a patter? Patter for children for diction. Complex tongue twisters

Frequently, teachers use tongue twisters at lessons in primary school. In some educational programs for this genre of folk art a certain number of hours are allocated. Undoubtedly, an experienced teacher can easily explain to children what a tongue twister is, to reveal its features, to explain differences and similarities with other genres of folk art. But the curriculum does not take into account such an important point as the history of the occurrence of tongue twisters. This topic is very important, but, unfortunately, there is little historical information on this topic.

What is a tongue twister

The works of this genre are special fascinating phenomena that can be found in both children's and adult literature. Nevertheless, not everyone can easily explain what a patter is. For sure, many will remember how the magic of words captured in texts like the following: "The Greek was riding across the river, he sees a Greek: in the river - cancer. He thrust his hand into the river, the cancer by the hand of the Greek - the tsar! ". In this case, one of the variations of this patter is presented, which can be met with a huge amount.

Origin of tongue twisters

If you pay attention to the collections of folklore works, you can see that they are not very fastidious. This is especially noticeable when compared with the number, for example, of proverbs, riddles or works of other genres of folk art. Not even in every source can you find the very definition of the concept of "patter". Based on a number of texts on the origin of tongue twisters, it can be concluded that they appeared a very long time, but the exact time is not specified in any source.

The first meeting of tongue twisters

In 1862, Dahl first published tongue twisters in a textbook work. In a separate section, he clearly explained what a patter is, and published a whole collection of works on this topic. The merit of V. Dal was also in the fact that he made the first attempts to systematize the works of this genre of folk art. He singled out for concrete tongues a specific scientific term. By the way, the fact that compared to riddles and proverbs, which were marked by more than thirty thousand, he quoted only forty-nine short tongues. Quantitative indicators vary significantly, which is immediately evident. It is interesting to note that most of the tongue twisters were designed not for children's perception, but rather for the adult in terms of their semantic meaning. Among the mentioned forty-nine tongue twisters, only five can be attributed to the "children's" category.

Definition of tongue twister by V. Dal

V. Dal made a special sense in the interpretation of the tongue twister. For the development of the speech apparatus, in his opinion, it is necessary to include such texts in the curriculum. The need to use tongue twisters for the development of speech, V. Dal, was justified by the fact that with their help one can exercise children in rapid pronunciation. Attention should be paid not only to the rate of pronunciation, but also to cleanliness. It was noted that in the patter, there are sounds that can "collide" with each other. This is designed to make quick pronunciation difficult. Very often the meaning of the tongue twister includes a proverb. For example, in the tongue twister, "Reported, but did not report, but began to report, was infected" it is said that everything is done not as it should, that is, unsuccessfully and inappropriately.

A variety of tongue twisters

If you analyze all the tongue twisters that V. Dal collected in your works, you can immediately note that their range is quite wide. They are classified according to different signs. For example, they can be short and long in size. A separate group marked works with repetitions or without them. There are also funny tongue twisters. For speech, depending on the construction, you can use the works on one sound or on several. Such texts are very often used by speech therapists and educators of speech groups of preschool institutions to conduct classes with children who need to work out the setting of a certain sound. Depending on the possibilities of perception, they share works designed for children, and those that are inaccessible to children's understanding, that is, complex tongue twisters.

The similarity of tongue twisters with other genres of folk art

When studying the tongue twisters as a full-fledged genre of folk art, it was concluded that in terms of content and structure, they are similar to some other types of folk art. For example, the analysis revealed common signs between tongue twisters and proverbs. Similar features were noted with proverbs. With careful consideration of the jokes, it was also noted that the works of these genres resonate with each other. The above conclusions were drawn on the basis of a comparison of the works of V. Dal and I. Snegirev. Some texts from I. Snegirev's collection are similar to tongue twisters, which are presented in the works of V. Dal.

Editions of original tongue twisters

After V. Dahl published his works, for a long time no one undertook such a job. And only at the beginning of the twentieth century, in some publications, unusual works of this genre of folk art began to appear. For example, I would like to separately note the valuable contribution to the development of this area of literature by the greatest connoisseur of folklore of the Prikamye pre-revolutionary times, V. Serebryannikov. After some time, in 1964, more than thirty texts of this genre were collected under one cover. If we consider the second half of the twentieth century, then the most significant figures in the field of this genre were V. Anikin, M. Bulatov, A. Razumov, N. Kolpakov. Separately I would like to highlight among other authors G. Naumenko, who published a collection of a large format on folklore. In it, only Russian tongue twisters were collected. Fruiting activities in the field of tongue twisters are characterized by the works of such authors as V. Biryukov, I. Friedrich, A. Anisimova, M. Novitskaya and others.

Author's tongue twisters

In the twentieth century, it was noted a very interesting phenomenon - there appeared author's Russian tongue twisters. But it is worth noting that initially only one of the works of this genre by D. Kharms was identified among those named "Ivan Toporyshkin". Among the numerous publications in children's books and magazines Detgiz most of the tongue twisters were noted as folk songs. Specialists who were engaged in writing folklore works of this genre, recorded them as a work of folk art. However, thanks to the work of V. Lunin under the title "Mysteries. Tongues ", published in 1999, managed to confirm the authorship of many tongue twisters, which until a certain time were considered the property of the people. For example, the author of the well-known patter for the cuckoo, cuckoo and hood is I. Demyanov. V. Lunin devoted a separate section of his book to this topic. Analyzing the information that is presented in the section, one can find many folk tongue twisters that completely coincide with the author's texts. Currently, some tongue twisters in collections are presented with the name of a particular author, but there are also some that are still published as folk.

The meaning of tongue twisters for the development of speech

Really like babies tongue twisters funny. But regardless of the variety, they are all useful for comprehensive development. If we single out the main goal of tongue twisters, then this will be the improvement of speech. For the development of speech it is useful to use different in the characteristics of tongue twisters. For diction, for example, texts on one or several sounds are perfect. It is useful to use similar works for the formation of expressive, understandable and meaningful speech. Tongues for children are indispensable in terms of securing the skill of correctly understanding the meaning of words. They teach children to memorize the meaning of what they heard. When memorizing tongue twisters, mistakes in pronunciation often occur, but one should not perceive them with condemnation. On the contrary, you can laugh with your child about how interesting it was for him to pronounce a word.

Technique of learning how to read tongue twisters

After you have clearly understood what a tongue twister is, you can start planning and organizing a series of classes using the texts of this genre. To memorize was the most effective, it is necessary to adhere to a number of certain rules. It is necessary to develop interest in children for such activities and desire to engage in activities. At the beginning of the lesson, you should not hesitate to speak the tongue twister with the arrangement. Then you need to repeat the tongue twister in a whisper, but so that all the sounds in the words are clearly audible. Do not rush during the pronunciation. The next stage will be a loud pronunciation. Note that each sound is pronounced as clearly as possible. Only after the text was pronounced quietly and loudly, you can gradually begin to pronounce at a fast pace. Clearness and intelligibility are the main rules that should be followed when memorizing a specific tongue twister. For diction, for example, it is useful to pronounce works with different intonations. Training should be continued until all sounds are pronounced correctly and legibly. The final stage of learning is the pronunciation of the text without hesitation.

Ways to work with children's tongue twisters

There are many interesting and entertaining forms of organizing the activity of children to learn and memorize tongue twisters. For example, many children like to teach tongue twisters as follows: an adult gives a child a ball. For each syllable or a word at will, the children throw the ball and read the text legibly. This method is interesting by the presence of a game element using the ball. As a rule, children are able to train this way for quite a long time. As an option, you can offer the child to pronounce the text, while tossing the ball from one hand to the other. Similarly, you can organize classes without using the ball. In this case, the text can be spoken by patting the rhythm in your hands. When memorizing tongue-twisters, it is possible to offer the child to fulfill a certain condition: "Speak, without getting off, 5 tongue-twisters in a row". This will teach him how to work on the result. After a while, you can ask the child to repeat these 5 tongue twisters again to fix the skill. Adults would like to strongly recommend that you conduct classes with children on the memorization of tongue twisters regularly. Systematic exercises in correct pronunciation will contribute to the formation of the speech apparatus, as well as the all-round development of the child personality.