Analysis of the work "Fathers and Sons" by I.S. Turgenev

Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev in February 1862 publishes his novel entitled "Fathers and Sons." In it, he tried to show the reader of that time the tragic nature of the growing social conflicts.

In this article we will analyze the work "Fathers and Sons", find out what problems are affected in this novel, what is the author's idea.

We are faced with economic troubles, the disintegration of traditional life, the impoverishment of the people, the destruction of ties with the land of the peasant. The helplessness and stupidity of all classes threatens to degenerate into chaos and confusion. Against this background, a debate is about how to save Russia, which is led by the two main groups of the Russian intelligentsia, the heroes.

Family conflict

Domestic literature has always tested the stability and stability of the society with family relations, which should be noted when analyzing the work "Fathers and Sons." The novel begins with an image of the conflict in the Kirsanov family between son and father. Turgenev goes even further, to a clash of political, social character.

The main conflict situations, character relationships are revealed mainly from the point of view of ideas. This is reflected in the way the novel is being constructed, in which the main role is played by the controversies of the main characters, their agonizing reflections, passionate speeches. Ivan Sergeyevich did not turn the characters of the work into spokesmen of author's ideas. The achievement of this writer is the ability to link organically the movement of even the most abstract representations of heroes with their vital positions.

Attitude to the modernity of the main characters

In the analysis of the work "Fathers and Children" should include the attitude of his various characters to the present. One of the main criteria in determining the human personality for the writer was how she relates to the surrounding life, current events. The first thing that catches our eye, if we pay attention to the "fathers" - Nikolai Petrovich and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, is that in fact they are not such old people, but they do not accept and understand what is happening around. Analysis of the novel IS. Turgenev's "Fathers and Sons" confirms this idea.

Pavel Petrovich believes that the principles he learned in his youth favorably distinguish him from those who listen to modernity. But Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev shows that in this stubborn desire to express contempt for the present, this hero is simply comic. He performs a role, from the side looking ridiculous.

Nikolai Petrovich, unlike his older brother, is not so consistent. He even notes that he likes young people. But, as it turns out, he understands in the modern world only what prevents his peace. For example, he decided to sell the timber on log buildings only because he had to go to the peasants in a few months.

The position of a large personality in relation to modernity

Ivan Sergeevich believed that any great person is always in a natural relationship to his time. This is Bazarov. Nonself, small people live in an eternal sense of discord with their time. Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov accepts this disharmony as an inadequacy of modernity, that is, he denies the very course of time, thus frozen in his conservatism, and people of a different type (we will write about them separately below) try to catch up with him.

Sitnikov and Kukshin

In his novel, Turgenev deduced several such images, which tend to hurry for the rapidly changing course of time, which must necessarily be noted when analyzing the work "Fathers and Sons." This Sitnikov and Kukshina. In them, this feature is expressed unambiguously and very brightly. Bazarov speaks them with disdain. With Arkady it is more difficult for him.

He is not so petty and stupid as Sitnikov. Talking with his uncle and father, Arkady explained to them quite precisely such a complex concept as the "nihilist". This character is interesting already because he does not recognize Bazarov as "his brother." This attitude brought him closer to him, forcing him to treat him more gently, more condescendingly than to Sitnikov and Kukshina. Arkady, however, still has a desire to catch something in nihilism, to approach him somehow, and he clings only to external signs.

The irony in the work

It should be noted the most important quality of Ivan Sergeevich's style, which is also present in the novel "Fathers and Sons". The analysis of the work shows that in him, as well as from the very beginning of his literary activity, this writer widely used the method of irony.

In the novel "Fathers and Sons", he awarded Bazarov with this quality, which applies him very differently: the irony for this hero is a means of separating himself from another whom he does not respect, or serves to "correct" a person who has not yet Is indifferent. Such are his ironic tricks in communicating with Arkady.

Eugene owns another kind of irony - self-irony. He treats ironically and his behavior, and his actions. Let us recall, for example, the scene of a duel between Pavel Petrovich and Bazarov. In it, he sneers at his opponent, but no less evil and bitterly - over himself. Analysis of the scene of the duel in Turgenev's work "Fathers and Sons" allows for a better understanding of Bazarov's character. At such moments, the charisma of this character is revealed to the fullest. No narcissism, no complacency.

Nihilism Bazarov

Turgenev holds this young man in a circle of uneasy life tests, which with real objectivity and completeness reveal the degree of rightness and wrongness of this hero of the novel "Fathers and Sons." Analysis of the work shows that denial, "complete and merciless," can be justified as the only possible attempt to change the world, while ending the contradictions. But for the author of the novel it is also undeniable that the logic present in nihilism inevitably leads to freedom without any obligations, to search without faith, to act without love. The writer can not find in this movement a creative, creative force: the changes that, for real people, the nihilist provides, are essentially equivalent to their destruction, as shown by the writer's analysis. "Fathers and children" reveals these contradictions by the very nature of the hero representing this movement.

Having survived love and suffering, Bazarov can no longer again be a consistent and integral destroyer, unshakably self-confident, ruthless, breaking simply by the right of strong other people. But to subordinate one's life to self-denial, to reconcile, to seek solace in a sense of duty, in art, in love for a woman, this hero is also incapable - he is too proud, angry, uncheckedly free for this. Death is the only way out.

Conclusion

Concluding our analysis of Fathers and Sons, we note that this novel caused fierce polemic in the literature of the XIX century. Turgenev believed that his creation would promote the rallying of various social forces, that society would listen to the writer's warnings. But the dream of a united and unified cultural stratum of Russian society never materialized.

This concludes our analysis of the work "Fathers and Sons." It can be continued, noting and other points. Let the reader have an opportunity to reflect on this novel independently.