What is a nosological form?

All people get sick, but no one thinks how his illness is characterized - a common disease or a nosological form. What is this, read in this article.

What is nosology?

This is the science of disease. By nosological forms means a single disease. The subject of study is health - not only the absence of disease and defects, but also mental, physical and social well-being. If the nosological form of the disease is established, the patient is disturbed by the regulation system, the working capacity is reduced, he adapts poorly to the environment.

Tasks

Nosology as a science sets itself the following tasks:

• Formulate science-based concepts that are necessary for use in medicine.
• Develop and scientifically argue the nomenclature of diseases and their conditions.
• Develop and justify the classification of diseases.
• Formulate the provisions and general concepts of disease.
• Develop concepts of medicine.

Pathological processes in nosology

When a person falls ill, in his body, organs or tissues there are reactions unusual for a healthy state: on the one hand pathological changes take place, and on the other hand protective and adaptive functions are included in the body's work. At the heart of the disease is a pathological process, but it is not a disease.

Evolving, pathological processes are formed and fixed in stable combinations - they are called typical. It is a tumor of a different etiology, inflammation, swelling, fever, dystrophy and much more.

The pathological condition is characterized by a deviation from the norm of the structure and functions of organs, systems and tissues, caused by two factors:

• Postponed diseases - this can be cicatricial narrowing of the esophagus as a result of chemical burn, amputation of the extremities.
• Violation of intrauterine development, the result of which can be, for example, clubfoot.

Usually, such conditions progress slowly or not at all, but in some cases, pathology passes into the disease.

Reactivity in nosology

There are two types:

• Physiological - when the body reacts to various environmental factors, without violating the constancy of the internal environment. It can be an adaptation of a person to loads, the process of thermoregulation with temperature changes and much more.

• Pathogenic - when the body is affected by pathogenic factors, and the body reacts to them.

What is the disease?

In nosology, this is the main concept. The term has a double meaning: on the one hand - it's specific diseases, and on the other - biological phenomena and special forms of human life. This is suffering caused by the defeat of the whole organism or a single system of his system by some damaging factors.

If, for example, a nosological form of the heart muscle disease is established, the patient may not be able to cope with the stresses of the daily rhythm of life. In this case, the protective adaptive mechanisms that are included in the work are inflammation, fever, thrombosis and much more - this is a pathological form.

In the absence of medical care, they remain the only natural processes that prevent the death of the whole organism. A healthy person does not have inclusion mechanisms.

The life activity of the sick and healthy organisms differs significantly, qualitative and quantitative characteristics vary. The patient has a completely different reaction to the usual effects. For example, bronchial asthma in a patient can cause severe attacks of suffocation, caused by flowering pollen, grass, animal hair. Earlier, before occurrence of a bronchial asthma, similar reaction was not.

So, the incidence of nosological forms is a disease that represents the unity of two opposite to each other: damage and adaptation.

Nosological form of diseases

This concept implies a separate independent form of the disease, characterized by the following criteria:

• The established cause of the disease.
• The studied mechanism of development.
• Uniform clinical structure, that is, a regular change in clinical manifestations.
• Anatomical and histological picture of changes of different nature in human organs.
• A definite outcome of the disease.

Arthritis

Science identifies independent nosological forms of arthritis and associated diseases of a different nature.

The first group includes rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatic, allergic, psoriatic polyarthritis, infectious gonorrhea, dysentery, tuberculosis, viral arthritis and many other joint diseases.

The second group includes arthritis associated with allergic diseases, metabolic disorders, pathologies of connective tissue, lungs, blood, malignant tumors and many other diseases.

In a special group, the nosologic form of traumatic arthritis is distinguished, which is associated with the peculiarities of their origin and special methods of treatment.

Infections

The most common nosological form of infections for this group is Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It lives and develops in any environmental conditions. The stick is found in river and sea basins, in sewage and bottled waters, in soil. The bacterium with pleasure settles on the skin, the nasal mucosa, occupies the nasopharynx and the gastrointestinal tract.

Nosological forms of infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa are capable of infecting both amoeba and humans. Pseudomonas aeruginosa plays a major role in primary immunodeficiency, leukemia and other tumor processes. Patients with HIV infection are ten times more likely to be infected than healthy ones.

The emergence of immunodeficiency provoke stress caused by trauma, burns, and surgical intervention, so infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa are more likely to occur in hospitalized patients.

Purulent infections

Nosological forms of purulent-septic diseases occur more often in patients of the surgical department, traumatology, urology.

WHO has developed an international classification of diseases. The list of purulent-septic infections lists more than eighty diseases, which are classified as nosological independent forms.

Certain types of pathogens cause infections that are epidemiological in nature. This is facilitated by the ways and factors of disease transmission. The nosological form of infections is transmitted by contact with a sick person through objects or touching and by airborne droplets when sneezing, talking.