An example of how to fill the balance sheet. Balance sheet filled: example

The balance sheet is one of the key reporting documents of modern enterprises. What are the features of its formation? What sources of law govern the procedure for drafting it?

What is the balance sheet?

Before studying the question - how to fill the balance sheet, we will consider what it represents as a document.

This source is intended to reflect the state of the assets and liabilities of the firm as of a particular point in time. The balance sheet contains information in monetary terms, which allow, therefore, to assess the financial position of the enterprise. The corresponding document is largely necessary for the management of the enterprise, as well as for its owners with a view to an objective assessment of the state of the business. The balance sheet can attract interest from potential investors, partners, creditors. The document under consideration allows to carry out planning of assets and liabilities of the firm, fulfills functions of a data source for the analysis of economic processes in the organization.

Let's study now how to fill the form of the balance sheet. To solve this problem it will be useful to consider its structure.

Balance sheet structure

The accounting document in question consists of 2 main elements - an asset, as well as a liability. The first reflects the resources the company has. The second fixes the sources of formation of the company's assets. The main requirement for drawing up a balance sheet is to ensure equality between the indicators of asset and liability. This is due to the use of the double recording method, which is used in accounting.

Assets of the balance sheet are classified as non-current, as well as negotiable. The corresponding data forms separate elements in the document under consideration. In turn, the liabilities reflected in the balance sheet are reflected in the sections in which the following are recorded:

- capital and reserves of the enterprise;

- long-term, as well as short-term liabilities.

Each component of the asset and liability reflects a separate balance sheet item.

Basic requirements for the balance sheet

What should I pay attention to when forming the relevant document taking into account its structure? The company's balance sheet, filled in all the rules, must meet the following criteria:

- it is not possible to carry out a set-off between different articles on assets and liabilities, profits and losses, except for cases in which such approaches are conditioned by the requirements of financial legislation;

- the information recorded in the balance sheet at the beginning of the year should correspond to the indicators recorded at the end of last year;

- balance sheet items must be confirmed by documents on property inventory, accounting of liabilities, financial calculations.

Let's consider now, on the basis of what form the balance sheet should be made.

Form of balance sheet

The form of the document in question is approved by law - Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia No. 66n, approved on 02.07.2010. In a number of cases, organizations can develop the form of balance independently, but on the basis of the one that is officially put into circulation. In addition, the company must comply with the requirements for reporting. If the enterprise independently develops a form on the basis of which the balance sheet is created, the form filled with the corresponding document should contain the same codes in the lines of sections and articles that are given in the official form, which is approved by law.

If we talk about the practical nuances of filling the balance, you can turn to the list of mandatory details that must be present in the relevant document.

Balance Requisites

The source should include:

- the reporting date;

- name of the organization in accordance with the charter;

- TIN of the firm;

- OKVED of the company;

- Information on the organizational and legal form of the enterprise;

- units of measurement - in thousands or millions of rubles;

- company address;

- the date of approval of the document;

- the date the document was sent.

Let us now consider how the balance should be filled in more detail.

The order of filling the balance sheet: non-current assets

Let's consider an example, how to fill the balance sheet taking into account its structure. Let's start with the asset. The first section of the report reflects information on non-current assets of the enterprise. It records the following indicators:

- intangible assets (in order to calculate the value for this indicator, it is necessary to calculate the difference between the Debit of account 04 in the plan of accounts and the Account 05 credit);

- results of research and development (the value is taken in the debit of account 04);

- Intangible assets classified as search (Debit 08 on the subaccount for accounting for intangible search costs, is filled only by firms that use natural resources in production);

- tangible assets that relate to the search (Debit 08 on the sub-account of accounting for material search costs is similarly filled by firms that use different natural resources);

- fixed assets of the enterprise (the difference between Debit 01 and the amount between Credit 02 and Debit 08 under the subaccount of accounting for fixed assets that are not put into operation by the enterprise);

- investment in tangible assets (the difference between Debit 03 and Credit 02 according to the subaccount of depreciation of the company's property that relates to the relevant investments);

- financial investments (the amount of Debits 58 and 55 for the sub-account, which accounts for deposit accounts, as well as Debit 73 under the sub-account, which takes into account loan settlements reduced by Credit 59 under the sub-account, which accounts for provisions for long obligations);

- a tax asset classified as deferred (Debit 09);

- other non-current assets that correspond to amounts that are not included in other lines within the section;

- the final indicator - for all previous lines.

In the next section, current assets are fixed.

Current assets

Let's consider an example, how to fill the balance sheet in view of the established requirements to it. The following indicators are reflected in the corresponding section:

- stocks (the difference between the Debit 41, the amount of the Credit 42, the debit 15, 16, reduced by the amount between the Credit 14 and the Debit 97, and also Debit for such accounts as 10, 11, 20, 21, 23, 29, 43, 44 , As well as 45);

- VAT on the values that were acquired by the company (Debit 19);

- indicators on accounts receivable (the difference between the amount of Debt 62, 60, 68, 69, 70, 71, 73 - without interest loans, 75, and 76, and Credit 63);

- financial investments (the difference between the amount of Debt 58, 55, 73 - by sub-account, which fixes settlements under loans, and Loan 59);

- cash and equivalents (the amount of debit is 50, 51, 52, 55, 57, reduced by Debit 55 by sub-account, which accounts for deposit accounts);

- other current assets to which the amounts correspond to those current assets that were not reflected in the previous lines,

- the total amount of the section.

In the asset is also a balance, which corresponds to the sums of the indicators of both sections considered. Next, consider an example of how to fill the balance sheet in the part of liabilities.

The order of filling the balance: capital and reserves

The first section of the relevant part of the balance sheet discloses information about the company's capital and reserves. Here information is recorded:

- on the authorized capital of the enterprise (Credit 80);

- on own shares purchased from the shareholders of the company (Debit 81);

- revaluation of those assets that are classified as non-current (Credit 83 - sub-account, which records the amount of revaluation for fixed assets of the enterprise, as well as intangible assets);

- on additional capital - excluding revaluation (Loan 83 - except for amounts reflected in the previous line), on the reserve capital of the enterprise (Credit 82);

- on the undistributed profit of the firm or on the uncovered loss - depending on the results of economic activity (Credit 84);

- the final index for the section.

long term duties

Further, the long-term liabilities are reflected in the liability. We will study how to fill the balance sheet taking into account the features of this section. It records information:

- on the borrowed funds of the organization (Loan 67 - if interest is taken for short-term - less than 1 year, loans);

- on tax liabilities that are classified as deferred (Loan 77);

- about the company's estimated liabilities (Loan 96 - if long-term liabilities are taken into account, which is more than 1 year, liabilities);

- about other liabilities of the firm, which correspond to the company's long debts to creditors, not reflected in other lines;

- the final index for the section.

Short-term liabilities

The next section of the liability reflects information about the company's short-term liabilities . How are the data on them included in the balance sheet? A completed example of a document should be formed taking into account that the relevant section reflects the data:

- on the borrowed funds of the firm (the amount of Credit 66 and 67 - for interest in long-term, longer than 1 year, loans);

- on accounts payable (the amount of Credit 60, 62, 68, 69, 70, 71, 73, 75 - for short loans, and 76);

- on income in the future periods (amount of Loans 98 and 86);

- On estimated liabilities (Loan 96 - if long-term, longer than 1 year, liabilities are taken into account);

- other liabilities to which the sums of short loans correspond not included in other lines of the section;

- the final indicator for short-term liabilities.

Evaluation of indicators in the balance sheet: nuances

After the figures for all sections of liabilities are calculated, the overall balance is determined. How can the company's balance sheet (completed) look like? LLC - as one of the most common legal forms of business, can have the results of economic activity, reflected in the following figures.

Based on what patterns should the relevant indicators be evaluated?

The most important nuance here is that for each firm they will be presented in special proportions. Everything depends on the specifics of the activity, the turnover of the enterprise, the credit burden on the business.

The filled-in balance sheet of the accounting company, however, can be compared with a similar document of another economic society in order to identify a more efficient business model. In a number of cases, Russian enterprises have the right to form a balance sheet in a simplified form. Let's consider its features in more detail.

Simplified balance: nuances

A simplified balance sheet is entitled to form small enterprises. This document is characterized by less complex in filling in comparison with the traditional form of balance. This is due to a smaller list of indicators that are reflected in it. If it is a question of making up a simplified balance sheet, the completed form must be drawn up on the basis of the one approved in Appendix No. 5 to Order No. 66n.

It can be noted that the main indicators recorded in the relevant document will be the same as those that characterize the basic form of the balance sheet. Let's consider an example, how to fill the balance sheet of a simplified type taking into account the features of its structure.

Structure of the simplified balance sheet: asset

As in the standard form of the document, there are two main blocks in the corresponding source - asset and liability. The simplified balance sheet of the enterprise, filled in accordance with the established rules, in the part of the asset must contain information:

- on those tangible, intangible, as well as current assets, which are non-negotiable;

- about stocks;

- on cash and cash equivalents;

- on financial and other current assets.

Similarly, the balance of the corresponding block of the document is balanced.

Structure of the simplified balance sheet: liability

If we consider the indication of information about liabilities in the simplified balance sheet of the enterprise, the completed example of it involves reflection:

- data on capital and reserves;

- on long-term as well as short-term loans;

- on accounts payable;

- other liabilities classified as short-term.

As in the previous block, a balance is fixed across all lines. How can a simplified balance sheet filled? An example of the corresponding document is in the picture below.

As in the case of the standard form of balance, a simplified modification of it makes it possible to analyze the effectiveness of the business model of an enterprise when comparing its indicators with those that are included in the reporting form of another firm of a similar segment. From the point of view of informativeness, a simplified balance can be as valuable a source as that presented in a standard variety.