Types of sports of the Summer Olympic Games. Modern Olympic Games - sports

The resumption of the Summer Olympic Games occurred in 1896. During this time, the list includes such names of Olympic sports as gymnastics, martial arts, water sports, equestrian sports, all-around, tennis, team games. In total, about 40 sports entered the Olympic Olympic ranks, but over time, 12 of them were excluded by the decision of the International Olympic Committee. Thus, it is possible to sound the figure 28 - that's how many summer Olympic sports are on the list now.

Badminton

This is perhaps one of the most popular sports. His homeland is Southeast Asia. For the first time the Summer Olympics included badminton on its list in 1972. Demonstration performances were held in Munich. Officially, this sport entered the Olympic program 20 years later in Barcelona. Since 1996, 5 sets of awards are being played: personal and pair in men's and women's categories, and also in mixed categories. A single rank is 36 players, a pair is 32 and a mixed one is 16. The winner is the one who will score the first 30 points (if the score is 29:29) or 22 (with the score 20:20). In total in the match 3 games, the winner must win 2.

Basketball

Kinds of sports of summer Olympic games include man's (since 1936) and female (since 1976) basketball. Increased attention to the Olympic basketball tournaments was noted when NBA players began to participate in the tournament. In the Olympic tournaments are 12 teams, divided into 2 groups. In the quarterfinals come out on 4 teams, which are eliminated by the elimination system.

Baseball

This team game appeared in the beginning of the 19th century in the USA, but for the first time the Summer Olympics included it in its lists only in 1992. The aim of teams (and there are two of them) is a set of glasses. The game uses a ball and a bat. One player throws the ball and the second one beats him. If the slugger manages to run all the bases located in the corners of the field, the team counts a point.

Boxing

In the list of Olympic sports since 1904, male boxing has been included, and since 2012 this honor has been awarded to women. To date, medals are played out among the boxers in 11 weight categories. For the entire time of the Olympic Games, the greatest number of medals has been given to boxers from the USA (48), from Cuba (32) and from Russia (20).

Fight

Greco-Roman wrestling replenishes the sports of the Summer Olympic Games from the moment of their revival in 1896. It was not on the lists only in 1900. These competitions are held only among men. Athletes are divided into seven weight categories. A feature of the struggle is the prohibition of seizure below the belt, undercuts and footboard. All actions occur with the use of hands and torso. Since 1904, the Summer Olympics includes a free-style wrestling in which footrests, sweeps and other techniques are allowed. Since 2004, women have participated in these competitions. In total, 11 sets of awards are given for free wrestling: in 4 weight categories for women and 7 for men.

Cycling

Bicycle sports of the Summer Olympic Games are cycling, cycling, BMX and mountain biking. The cycling track was first included in the program in 1896, and the second time it appeared only in 1912. Women's competitions were held for the first time in 1988. The cycling track includes an individual pursuit race, a sprint, a madison and a race on points.

• Olympic sprint - teams of 3 people participate in distances of 750 meters, in which only the last 200 meters are time-clocked.
• The pursuit race - men's distance - 4 km, women's - 3 km.
• Race on points - men's distance - 40 km, women - 25 km.
• Madison - exclusively male team (2 people) competition at 60 km.
• Keirin - race for 5 ½ circles of 250 m.

A bicycle race is a group women's (120 km) or men's (239 km) race, which starts with a general start. Team members have the right to help each other in terms of repair. In the individual race, the competitors start with an interval of 90 seconds and can not help other athletes. BMH was first included in the list of the Olympic Games in 2008. Participants, using maneuverable bicycles, cross the terrain, which is covered with bushes.

Water polo

Men's water polo is one of the permanent sports. So, the first competitions were held at the Olympics since 1900, but women's teams began to participate only in 2000.

In the match are two teams of seven people (along with the goalkeeper), and on the bench there are six players. The game consists of four periods of eight minutes each.

Volleyball

For the first time at the Olympics, volleyball appeared in 1924 as an entertainment show. But in the program it was included in 1964. Two teams of 6 people play 3 games of 25 points each. In this case, the gap must be at least 2 points, otherwise the lot is considered incomplete. Tie-break (5th game) is played out to 15 points. The game provides technical time-outs for 60 seconds and two additional 30 seconds.

Beach volleyball is included in the modern Olympic Games. Kinds of sport are different between each other (the name speaks for itself) and some conditions. For example, a game is considered won if there are 15 points from one of the teams.

Handball

Handball is a team game, both male and female. She made her debut at the Olympics in 1936. The game consists of two matches for 30 minutes. The duration of the break is 10 minutes. The team consists of 14 people (7 on the field and 7 on the bench).

Gymnastics

Sports and art gymnastics are the sports of the Summer Olympic Games, which appeared on the list since the revival of these competitions. In 1896, she debuted sports men's gymnastics, in 1928 - female. At the moment, medals for team participation and individual all-around competitions are played out among athletes, as well as for each projectile separately. Artistic gymnasts first took part in competitions in 1984. What pleased the fans of the Olympics? Rhythmic gymnastics is widely known for its amazing pirouettes.

Rowing

What are the Olympic sports associated with rowing? The list includes the following:

• Academic rowing (when the athletes are divided into two teams, each row with one oar) and the steam room (each participant has two oars). The race takes place on a direct route with a duration of 2000 m.
• Canoeing for men and women, for different distances in singles, deuces and fours.
• Rowing slalom - race through the torrent through a special gate.

Judo

Judo belongs to one of the most popular oriental martial arts. It has been on the list of Olympic sports since 1964. Competitions among women were first held in 1992. The main goal of the participants is to keep the balance and make an opponent's throw.

Horseback Riding

This is an "aristocratic" discipline, it has been included in the Olympics since 1900. Varieties of competitions in this sport are constantly changing, but at present medals are awarded for individual and team participation in jumping, eventing and departure.

Athletics

One of the most extensive sports is athletics. The Olympics provides for as many as 47 sets of medals. Types of competitions in athletics are classified relative to the venue:

• On track and field athletics track.
• Inside the track and field athletics core.
• Outside the stadium.

Sailing

This sport is one of the most difficult to perform. For participation in competitions, 11 sets of awards are provided. At the moment, to replace the old classic ships came more modern and lightweight.

Swimming

Swimming was included in the Olympics in 1912. Competitions in this sport are held in several stages. There are the following varieties: free style, on the back, butterfly, complex swimming, relay race.

Diving

This is a kind of water sports that involve jumping from a tower or a springboard (located at different heights). For the first time in 1904 at the Olympics were presented single jumps, and in 2000 - synchronous.

Jumping on the trampoline

Included in the Olympic sports since 2000, their essence is to perform three exercises of ten elements. To date, a set of men's and women's medals is being played at the Olympics.

Synchronized swimming

Synchronized swimming is rightfully called one of the most sophisticated sports. Its basis is the execution of various figures in the water to the music. The water ballet (originally this kind of sport was called that way) debuted in 1984 in the form of singles and doubles performances. Synchronized swimming is an exclusively female sport, consisting of a technical and a long program.

Modern Pentathlon

Modern pentathlon includes the following Olympic sports (photos of competing athletes you can see in the article): shooting, fencing, swimming, riding, running. For the first time pentathlon was presented in 1912, initially medals were played only among men. Since 1996, women have also participated in this kind of competition.

Shooting

To hit the target use a firearm and air gun. This sport has been included in the Olympics since 1896. Both men and women compete. To date, shooting is divided into bullet and bench. The first is made from a firearm (25 and 50 meters) and pneumatic (10 meters) weapons. Men make 60 shots, women - 40. There are also different provisions: lying, standing and from the knee. Competitions on bench shooting occur at open shooting ranges. Used smooth-bore weapons to hit the flying target-plates. The competition includes a round and trench stand and a double gangway.

Archery

Used two types of weapons - a block and an Olympic bow. Participants of the competition get into stationary targets from a distance of 70 meters. For the first time this sport was included in the Olympic Games in 1900. Both men and women take part in the competition, as well as team and individual shooting.

Tennis

To date, the Olympics includes large and table tennis. The first made its debut in 1896, then it was ruled out, and since 1988 the decision of the IOC has been re-entered in the lists of Olympic sports. Table tennis has its roots in the 19th century, but it only came to the Olympics in 1988. Men and women take part in the competition. The winner is the one who is gaining more points. The competitions consist of seven parties, each of which is brought to 11 points.

Triathlon

This is one of the most difficult kinds of competitions. It includes swimming, biking and running. Trails for men and women are the same, all races occur in one day. Women start before men: when running - for 30 minutes, when riding a bicycle - for 60 minutes, when swimming - for 20 minutes.

Taekwondo

Another young (since 2000), but a progressive sport, included in the Olympics. During the competition, not only the ability to conduct a contact fight, but also the breaking of objects by hand and foot in a jump is assessed. The limbs and heads of the participants are protected. During a sparring, blows below the belt are prohibited. The winner is the participant who scored more points on technical methods.

Weightlifting

In 1896 the list of power sports was supplemented by weightlifting. The essence of the competition is to lift weights. A jerk and a jerk are the basis for lifting the bar. Each participant has the right to three attempts. Weightlifting is part of the biathlon. Since 2000, women have taken part in the competition. For men, there are 8 weight categories, for women - 7.

Fencing

Fencing refers exclusively to the individual sport. It has been included in the Olympics since 1924. Women and men compete. Weapons for competitions can be rapier, saber and sword. The battle itself is conducted on a track 2 meters wide and 14 meters long, made of electrically conductive material. Points are calculated as follows:

• The saber is an injection and a blow, as it is not only a stabbing but also a cutting weapon.
• Rapier - injections produced at any point of the body, except the occiput.
• Sword - any inflicted an injection.

During fencing, swords are counted at the same time as swords. And when using a rapier - only inflicted during the attack.

Football

What makes men happy with the Olympics? Football is, perhaps, just such a game, which forces millions of representatives of the stronger sex to gather at the screens. In 1996, women's football was added. At the very beginning of the development of the Olympic Games, professional clubs were prohibited from participating in competitions. At the dawn of the 20th century, the leading football team was the United Kingdom. It was she who won prizes for several Games in a row. Represented the UK amateur national team of England. In its composition, strangely enough, included football players-professionals. 1932 was marked by the fact that football was excluded from the list of Olympic sports. There were two reasons for this. First of all, it was believed that football is not interesting for US residents (and the Olympics-1932 was planned there). Secondly, the FIFA Federation did not want this promising sport to be in the shadow of such a world-famous action as the Olympics.

Football was restored in the lists in 1936. In view of the fact that athletes quickly reached a high professional level, FIFA allowed to participate in the Olympics to professional players. Only those who did not participate in the world championships remained under the ban. In 1992, there were age limits: the team should not have more than 3 players, whose age exceeds 23 years.

Field hockey

It's a hybrid of football and hockey. In the competition, 2 teams of 16 people participate. The game is two halves of 35 minutes with a break between them in 10 minutes. Until 1980, only men took part in the competition, now there are also women's teams.