Stand shooting. Stand shooting on plates. Stand shooting in Moscow

Stand shooting on plates is a subspecies of shooting sports. Competitions are held in an open shooting range. Smoothbore rifles are used, while shotgun cartridges should be equipped with a shot having a spherical shape. Even if several pellets fall into a plate made from a mixture of cement and bitumen pitch, which is thrown out by a special machine into the air, it will break.

The origin of test shooting

After the invention of firearms, people appeared in different countries of the world wishing to learn how to shoot accurately. It was necessary to conduct battles, hunting, and subsequently to participate in various competitions. At first, hunting shotguns were used in competitions, of which the contestants fired at rapid targets. The first competitions of this kind took place in 1793 in England: the shooting was carried out by pigeons sitting nineteen meters from the shooters in special baskets (boxes) called cages. A special person behind the firing squad pulled the twine on command and threw the bird out of the sledge. But to wound or kill a dove was not enough, according to the conditions of the competition, he had to fall from the arrow no further than thirty-one meters. This kind of shooting was close to hunting, it was called shooting, and shotguns with a heapy and sharp fight also began to be called sadochnymi.

The first nonliving targets

Society for the protection of animals against such inhumane sports categorically protested (now such organizations protest against hunting in principle). As a result, live targets gradually began to be replaced by different items equipped with special devices for throwing. First, glass balls with a diameter of 64 millimeters were used, filled with bird feathers, smoke, paint and other materials. However, such targets were often bursting, often the grains were ricocheted off the smooth surface when the edge of the scree hit the ball. But the inquisitive mind of a person finds a way out of any difficult situation. In 1880 in America, in the city of Cincinnati, a shooter named Ligovski invented a clay flat plate target plate (it is still called this name, although the material is now more durable) and a throwing device is a machine. Such machines were installed on the sites, called stands, this gave rise to the name "bench shooting".

Spectacular sport

Such an affordable and cheap sport, compared to bullet shooting, quickly gained popularity not only on the American, but also on the European continent. Stand shooting on plates is more emotional and spectacular: spectators and arrows immediately see the result of the shot. If the target is hit, it flashes with an orange-red cloud, if not, the judge in a crimson jacket with a red armband raises her hand, signaling a slip, and athletes in colorful original costumes move around the site. Everything happens slowly, in an orderly manner: here it is considered an indicator of a bad tone of jumping at each other and the winning of the winner in embraces, or a triumphant cry at a good shot. In short, bench shooting is not football, such emotions as there are out of place, although, of course, the athletes experience a great deal of nervous tension in tournaments. All decide psychological stability, endurance, the will to win.

Integration

Fans of shooting eventually began to unite in clubs, circles and societies, and in 1907 the International Shooting Union (abbreviated - UIT) was organized, which connected different types of bullet shooting. The states where the bench shooting was cultivated were integrated into the International Federation of shooting from hunting rifles (abbreviated to FITASK) in 1929. However, later, in 1947, the sub-type of shooting sports under consideration came out of FITASK and merged into UIT. Now all disciplines, both on stand and shooting, are regulated by the International Rifle Union, all official competitions, including the Olympic Games, are held according to the rules approved by him and under his control. I must say that FITASC also exists at the moment, it regularly organizes championships in shooting, which is especially popular today in the countries of the Mediterranean basin: Spain, Egypt, Italy, France.

The History of Russian Shotgun

The first mention of shooting with guns (by pigeons) dates back to 1737. At that time Anna Ioannovna reigned, known for her skilled skill in shooting not only from a gun, but also from an onion. The Empress had one passion: she loved to fire on flying birds from the open palace window. According to her instructions, pigeons were sometimes released from the cage under the window. Before the revolution of 1917, such entertainment as garden shooting functioned only in Moscow, Kiev, Odessa, Petersburg and Warsaw. There were not many lovers of such events, because only very wealthy people could afford this kind of entertainment. And the first information about shooting on artificial targets dates back to 1877. Spouses Denisevich in 1910 organized a circle of shooting on skeet. It happened near St. Petersburg, in the settlement Ligovo.

Achievements of Russian shooters

In 1912, athletes of the Russian Empire for the first time took part in the Olympic Games in Stockholm. Then he duly held competitions in shooting shooting and won bronze, striking out of a hundred plates of ninety-one, Rizhanin H. Blau. With his success, he paved the way to the heights of world achievements to the national stand. After 1917, the competitions were conducted according to arbitrary rules from case to case. And only in 1927 in Ostankino (Moscow) they made the first stand with a trench, where the first throwing machine was installed for the shooting of shooting. Subsequently, it was upgraded, completed, and it served many more years for Russian athletes. In the 1920s similar sites appeared in Kiev, Leningrad, Baku and other cities. The first championship of the USSR was held in 1934, and on the eve the Federation of Soviet shooting shooting was established.

First successes

At the European Championship in 1955, the Soviet stand witnessed a victory: gold was won by Nikolai Durnev (round stand) and Yuri Nikanorov (ladder). In 1958, Ari Kaplun won the gold medal in the round world championship in the world championship, in the same exercise in 1968, the Olympic champion of the Games in Mexico was Evgeni Petrov. Speaking at a round stand of the most diverse rank among the Soviet athletes, the greatest successes were achieved by Yuri Tsuranov (three-time world champion in personal classification, six-time, nine-time European champion in team competition), Svetlana Demina (21 gold of European and world championships), Larisa Tsuranova 24 gold), Elena Rabay (18 gold medals).

Olympic program

To date, competitions in three disciplines are included in the Olympic program: skit (round stand), gangway (trench stand), double-gangway. Let's talk about them in more detail.

1. Trench stand

This discipline was included in the program of the Games for men in 1900, and for women in 2000. The gangway is a playground where five rifle numbers are located in a straight line. Shooting is conducted on alternately departing from the fifteen throwing machines skeet. Cars are installed under the shooting range in a trench, at a distance of fifteen meters from the shooting number. The target for the shooting of this type can have a different flight altitude, it moves away from the arrow to the right, directly or to the left, with a deviation of up to forty-five degrees. The casting distance is 75-77 meters. The shooting series consists of twenty-five targets.

2. Round stand

Discipline was included in the program of the Olympics for men in 1968, for women in 2000. The sket is performed on the site with eight shooting numbers located in a semicircle from the first to the seventh number, and the eighth is located between the booths in the center. The trays for bench shooting of this type are similar to those used for the ladder. However, they are produced by two machines, which are installed in low and high booths, located at a distance of forty meters from each other at the extreme points of the semicircle. Before the target appears, the shooter must hold the shotgun for the shooting at the butt at the waist, and the shot on the platelet should be made with a gun to the shoulder. The machine, installed in a high booth, throws the target from a height of 3.05 meters, and the one that is low - from a height of 1.07 meters.

In addition to the plates flying alone, all the numbers, except the seventh and eighth, also produce twin targets (doublets). They fly out of both booths simultaneously in the opposite direction. The flight of plates in the monastery, in contrast to the gangway, has a constant direction. Targets must fly through a ring with a diameter of 90 cm, set at the intersection of flight trajectories of plates. The range of flight varies within 67-69 meters, while the zone of permissible damage is determined by the boundaries of the site and is forty meters. The rifle series, as in the previous discipline, consists of twenty-five targets.

3. The double-ladder

Discipline was included in the Olympic program (both for men and women) in 1996. The double-ladder is performed on the site with five shooting numbers by repeating the double-shot shots aimed at striking parallel and simultaneously flying out two plates that have a fast retreat from the arrow and slightly diverging flight trajectory. The flight range does not exceed 54-56 meters. Throwing machines are located in the same way as in a trench stand, but not fifteen, but only three devices installed opposite the third shooting number. The machines stand in a row and are at a certain distance from each other. There are three different schemes (A, B, and C) for setting the flight trajectory of the plates. After the command, the arrow of the target is flown in an unknown pattern for him from the same place. The flight path in the course of the shooting series is changing, but at the same time the angle of shooting and review varies, which depends on the specific shooting number. The series consists of thirty targets (fifteen doublets).

Competition Regulations

In all three disciplines there is an identical regulation. During the preliminary competitions six finalists are determined, of which the winners and the champion are determined in the final. Points of preliminary and final competitions are summed up. If the result of several athletes gain an equal number of points, between them they make a skirmish until the first miss. To increase the spectator interest and reduce the likelihood of a judicial error, in the finals shooting is conducted on special plates, when hit into which a cloud of bright powder (often red, sometimes yellow) is thrown into the air.

Terminology

In the shooting of the plates used a specific terminology, without knowing which can not do. Let's give definitions of the basic concepts:

• The target is the target, which flies in the direction of the arrow.
• The counter target is the one that flies in the direction of the arrow.
• A ragged target is one that, when released from a propelling machine, collapses.
• The target is "in the smoke" - the destruction of the plate with shot, when only "smoke" remains from it - fragments, pitted in the smallest dust.
• Timer - the delay in the relegation of the target after the command arrow for a time of up to three seconds.
• Dead zone - the distance that the plate passes from the moment of launch to the first reaction of the arrow to it.
• Target processing is a sequence of actions, including the perception of the target, the sweep (in the round bench), the leash (the movement of the barrel relative to the trajectory of the flight of the plate), the exit to the lead (the distance on the path to which the target should be preceded during the shot, Struck), a shot with the preservation of the angular velocity collected by the gun.

Stand shooting in Moscow

Now everyone who wants to acquire shooting skills and skills, have such an opportunity. Perhaps, in the regions there is a shortage of shooting ranges, but in Moscow to find a suitable club for themselves is not difficult. Doors for beginners shooters are always open in the Council of PICC, Moscow Special Secondary School of Olympic Reserve No. 1 and No. 2, equestrian sports complex "Bitza", sports and technical club "Zamoskvorechie" and many other institutions.