Theory and methods of speech development for preschool children

It's not a secret for anyone that a person's speech is not only a way of communicating with each other. First of all, this is a psychophysical portrait of the person himself. By the way these or other people express themselves, one can immediately tell about the level of their education, outlook, passions and hobbies. The main period of the formation of the correct speech occurs at the preschool age. At this time, the child is actively learning the world.

When should I start?

Within the framework of the new standard (GEF), much attention is paid to the development of speech in pre-school children. At the age of 3 years with the normal development of the child in his vocabulary should be about 1200 words, and a 6-year-old - about 4000.

All specialists in pre-school educational institutions (DOW) are working hard to develop the speech of their pupils. The goal for all is one, but the methods each use their own, depending on the methodology chosen in the DOU. This or that technique of development of speech of children of preschool age gives an opportunity to teachers-tutors to take advantage of successful experience of the professionals working on the given problem.

Who and what teaches children?

If you look at the diploma of the tutor, and we are talking about qualified specialists, there you can see such discipline as "theory and methods of speech development for preschool children." Studying this subject, the future specialist gets theoretical knowledge about the development of speech of children by age categories, and also gets acquainted with various methods of conducting classes in the pre-school according to the age group of trainees.

Everyone knows from the lessons of history how a person's speech was formed. Its construction went from simple to complex. At first it was sounds, then separate words, and only then the words began to unite into sentences. Every child goes through all these stages of speech formation in his life. How correct and literally rich will be his speech, depends on the parents, educators and the society to which the baby is surrounded. Teacher-educator is the main demonstrative example of the use of speech in everyday life.

Goals and objectives of the formation of speech

Correctly set goals and tasks of speech development for preschool children help teachers to work effectively on this problem as effectively as possible.

The main goal of work on the development of speech of children of preschool age is the formation of oral speech of the child and the skills of his communication with others on the basis of knowledge of the literary language of his people.

The tasks, the solution of which will help in achieving the set goal, are the following:

• Education of the child's sound culture ;
• Enrichment, consolidation and activation of the child's dictionary;
• Improving the child's grammatically correct speech;
• Development of the child's coherent speech;
• Education of the child's interest in the artistic word;
• Teaching the child to mother tongue.

Achieve the solution of the tasks and achieve the final result of the goal in the release of a child from the DOW helps the development of speech of children of preschool age.

Methods for developing speech in the PRI

Any technique, regardless of the subject, is always constructed from simple to complex. And it is impossible to learn to perform complex tasks, if there is no skill in performing simpler ones. To date, there are several methods for developing speech. Most often, two methods are used in the DOU.

Methods of speech development for preschool children Fedorenko, G.A. Fomichevoy, V.K. Lothareva provides an opportunity to theoretically learn about the development of children's speech from an early age (2 months) and up to seven years, and also contains practical recommendations for educator educators. This tool can be used not only by a specialist, but also by any caring parent.

The book Ushakova OS, Strunina Е.М. "Methods of speech development for preschool children" is a manual for educators. Here, aspects of the development of speech of children by age groups of preschool institutions are widely disclosed, development of classes is given.

In these techniques for the development of children's speech, everything begins with sound training, where educators teach and monitor the purity and correctness of the pronunciation of sounds. In addition, only a specially trained person can know at what age and what sounds to put to the child. For example, the sound "p" should be tried to begin to pronounce only at the age of 3 years, of course, if the child did not find it earlier independently, but this does not mean that this sound is not working with this sound. To the kid in time and correctly learned to pronounce the sound of "p", teacher-educators conduct preparatory work, namely, they are engaged in exercise with children in gymnastics in the form of a game.

Game - the main way of development of speech

In the modern world, the theory and methodology of speech development for preschool children speak of one thing, that the main way is to play with a child. This is based on mental development, namely, the emotional level of development, if the child is passive, then he will have problems with his speech. And to encourage the child to emotions, because they are the impetus for speech, the game comes to the rescue. Familiar objects become interesting again. For example, the game "roll the wheel." Here first the teacher rolls the wheel from the roller-coaster, saying: "The round wheel rolled off the hill and rolled along the path." In children, this usually causes delight. Then the teacher suggests rolling a wheel to one of the guys and repeating the same words again.

Children, without knowing it, begin to repeat. There are a lot of such games in the methods for DOW, they are all diverse. In the older age, classes are already conducted in the form of role-playing games, here the communication is not a child-caregiver, but a child-child. For example, these are games such as "daughter-mothers", "playing in the profession" and others. The development of speech in preschool children in gaming activities is most effective.

Causes of poor development of speech in a child of preschool age

One of the most common causes of poor speech development in a child is a lack of attention on the part of adults, especially if the child is by nature natural. More often than not, such children from a very young age are sitting in a crib or an arena, thrown up in toys, and only occasionally parents, busy with their own affairs, come into the room to see if everything is all right.

Another reason is also due to the fault of adults. This monosyllabic communication with the child. In the form of statements such as "step back", "do not bother", "do not touch", "give". If a child does not hear complex sentences, then there is nothing to demand from him, he simply has no one to take an example for imitation. After all, it's not difficult to tell a child "give me this toy" or "do not touch it, it's hot here," and how many words will be added to his dictionary.

The fine line between the development of speech and the psychological development of the baby

If the two above-mentioned reasons for poor speech development in a child are completely excluded, and speech develops poorly, then one must look for reasons in his mental health. From the very early age and until school, most children do not know how to think abstractly. Therefore, it is necessary to teach a child speech using specific examples or associations. The method of development of speech of children of preschool age is constructed on the basis of the studied psychological development of children. There is a very fine line between the development of speech and mental development. At the age of 3 years, the child begins to develop logic and imagination. And often parents are concerned about the appearance of fantasies, begin to blame the child for lying. In no case do this not need to, because the child can close in and stop talking. Do not be afraid of fantasies, they just need to be directed to the right track.

How to help a child if speech develops badly?

Of course, every child is different. And if a child by the age of four is expressed only in separate words, not even bound to simple sentences, then it is necessary to call for additional specialists. The technique of speech development in preschool age provides for the inclusion in the education process of such specialists as a speech therapist and a pedagogue / psychologist. Children of these are most often identified in the speech therapy group, where they are dealt with more intensively. Do not be afraid of speech therapy groups, because how much will the child enjoy when he can speak in a connected and logically correct manner.

Uneducated parents - the source of poor development of children

The method of developing speech of children of preschool age is a handbook not only of educators, but also of parents. Because the lack of education of parents leads to poor development of children. Someone demands from the child too much, and someone, on the contrary, lets everything go by its own way. In this case, parents need close contact with the caregiver, perhaps even holding thematic parenting meetings. After all, it is better to prevent mistakes than to correct them for a long time. And if you act correctly, together and in concert, then the child at the end of the DOW will necessarily have an excellent literary speech with the necessary vocabulary, which in the future, at the next stages of training, will only become deeper and wider.