The highest judicial bodies of the Russian Federation: the order of formation, composition and description

The strength of any state is power in it. History gives us a lot of examples of the interpretation of power, which can take the character of despotism or a loud democracy. In any case, the essence of this category lies in the management that it exercises in relation to the population of the state. But it should be noted that the government is impossible without the right. This key postulate was worked out a long time ago. The bottom line is that it is the right to organize people as efficiently as possible and direct their activities in the right direction. At the moment most of the world powers base their power in the state on the right, as this has a good effect on the state of affairs. However, not always the legal regime copes with those functions that are assigned to it.

In some cases, certain kinds of questions arise in the human environment, disputes or even offenses. All this negatively affects the overall state of affairs. Therefore, in all states, a judicial branch of power was developed. In Russia, such a system also exists and is actively functioning today. The most interesting is the activity of the highest judicial bodies of the Russian Federation, which are entrusted with specific functions.

Judicial branch: concept, history

History tells us that in ancient times the management of states was carried out alone by kings, kings, emperors, etc. Only in some countries there was democracy in its rudimentary form. An example of this statement is the Ancient Roman Republic and Ancient Greece. However, the development of mankind has led to the emergence of new theoretical approaches, according to which the very essence of power has changed.

The greatest number of changes in the sphere of public administration occurred during the New Time. Scientists such as Charles Louis de Montesquieu and John Locke are developing a fundamentally new approach to organizing power in any country. According to their theory, management should be divided between the legislative, executive and judicial branches of government. Since then, such a scheme of power has become the basis for most powers. To date, the principle of separation of management is used in virtually all existing states, including the Russian Federation.

What is the judiciary?

Each of the previously mentioned branches of government performs completely different functions. The judicial sphere of power is the most specific. This is due to several interrelated reasons.

• First, the judiciary is absolutely independent. This principle guarantees the impartiality of consideration by the relevant authorities of certain situations.
• Secondly, this branch of management has a characteristic and rather cumbersome structure, due to which an effective influence on the objects of its competence is exercised.
• Thirdly, the representatives of the judiciary have a special legal status, which gives them exclusive rights, but at the same time imposes certain duties on them.

As we see, the judiciary has a special character. This has a very strong effect on the activities of bodies that directly relate to it.

The judicial departments of the Russian Federation

Any branch of power is impossible without the bodies that would perform its basic functions. Judicial branch of management in this case has a whole system of departments, which are effective to date. The structure of such bodies is called upon to carry out justice in the territory of Russia. This fundamental principle determines the specific legal status and exclusive powers of judicial departments. In turn, the highest judicial authorities of the Russian Federation are part of the overall system and are called upon to coordinate the direction of its activities, therefore all the general features of the structure are also relevant to them. The main sign is that such departments are completely independent. That is, courts are not subject to the control of any federal or supreme executive body of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation. Judicial practice in this case is wholly objective and really effective.

What are the highest judicial bodies in the Russian Federation?

Today, the system of judicial departments in Russia is rather simplified. At the same time, the deviation is made to develop an extensive structure of territorial bodies, because they are most closely approximated to the population of the country. Thus, the ramified system provides more opportunities for resolving disputes or protecting one's own rights. But for the development of efficiency and popularization of courts, the highest judicial bodies of the Russian Federation should not be represented in large numbers. Therefore for today only two departments:

• The Supreme Court of the Russian Federation.
• The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation.

The competence of both institutions is different. The Supreme Court, like the Constitutional Court, has its own specifics of work, features and, most importantly, the formation procedure. But before considering each individual body, you need to familiarize yourself with their common signs.

Features of the highest judicial departments of Russia

The signs of the above-mentioned departments can be considered in three foreshortenings. First of all, the highest judicial bodies of the Russian Federation have a specific regulatory framework, which consists of:

• Constitution of the Russian Federation.
• FZ "On the judicial system of the Russian Federation".

These acts stipulate the rights of employees of these bodies, their status, independence of activities, etc. Another specific aspect of the highest judicial departments is their independence and exclusive competence. This suggests that representatives of other official structures of our country can not interfere in the activity of the bodies of this branch of power. Thus, the highest judicial bodies of the Russian Federation are wholly independent and unified official bodies for which the current federal legislation is responsible for organizing the corresponding branch of power in the state. However, in addition to common features, they are also endowed with their own, which are conditioned by a certain competence.

Russian Armed Forces: key features

The competence of the bodies mentioned earlier is divided into general and constitutional. The Supreme Court of the Russian Federation is the highest judicial organ of general orientation. That is, it is structurally subordinated to all the smaller departments of the corresponding level. In addition, the Supreme Court is the highest judicial body of the Russian Federation for civil, criminal, economic and disciplinary cases.

The foundation date of the department is December 12, 1993. In its unchanged form it existed until 2014. However, at this time there is a reform of the judicial system. It entailed the unification of the RF Armed Forces and the Supreme Arbitration Court. In other words, since 2014, the Armed Forces have become the only body with rather wide competence, except in this case constitutional.

Authority of the body

The highest judicial bodies of the Russian Federation, whose structure and functions are examined in the article, are characterized by exclusive powers that give them a large number of specific opportunities. The activities of these bodies are entirely regulated by legislative acts and, of course, by the Constitution. The Supreme Court of the Russian Federation is the highest judicial authority, which indicates that it has exclusive rights. Thus, this body is authorized:

• To exercise judicial supervision over other bodies of relevant competence;
• In certain situations act as a court of cassation or appeal;
• Coordinate the activities of the supreme courts of the subjects of the federation;
• Give appropriate explanations on judicial practice, analyze the statistics of the activities of the supervised bodies;
• Resolve all issues that are related to Russia's international activities.

As we can see, extensive competence gives the right to assert that this department is the supreme judicial authority of the Russian Federation.

Structure of the Office

The exercise of functions by the Supreme Court is made on the basis of the division of rights and obligations between the relevant system elements. The structure of the body mentioned in the article is very effective and effective. To date, its elements are:

• Plenum of the RF Armed Forces.
• Presidium of the RF Armed Forces.
• Appeal and Disciplinary Collegium of the RF Armed Forces.
• Administrative, civil, criminal, economic and military colleges.

The consideration of cases of a different legal nature occurs in different structural elements of the Supreme Court. This approach ensures the greatest effectiveness of justice in general. In addition, the division of competence helps to carry out all the work in a more efficient manner as a whole.

Composition of the RF AF

Of course, the direct performance of all functions assigned to the Supreme Court are performed by a number of individual employees. The subject composition of the RF Armed Forces is described in detail in the previously mentioned Federal Law. According to its provisions, the composition of the Armed Forces includes:

• Chairman of the RF Armed Forces;
• First Deputy Chairman;
• Deputies who are chairmen of each chamber;
• Directly judges working in certain chambers.

The presence of such a subject composition enables the RF Armed Forces to carry out its key functions as quickly as possible.

However, as mentioned earlier, the highest judicial bodies of the Russian Federation are not only the RF Armed Forces, but also the Constitutional Court. Her powers and work characteristics are completely different from those that the structure of general competence has. Therefore, the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation deserves special attention. This problem is especially topical today, as the body is the key defender of the democratic system.

The Supreme Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation

The development of the state system has led to the fact that its regulatory regulation has become more complex and sophisticated. It is this fact that led to the creation of the Constitutional Court. In Russia, this body is an independent authority that is not part of the overall system of justice. It is worth noting that the work of the department is also carried out quite specific. In the court cases are considered within the framework of constitutional proceedings.

Authority of the authority

The fact that the highest judicial bodies of the Russian Federation are the Supreme Court and the Constitutional Court, speaks about the exclusive breadth of powers of both departments. However, the competence of the last instance, due to the special order of cases, is limited. The possibilities of the Constitutional Court do not go beyond the scope of Article 125 of the basic law of our state. Thus, the authority is authorized:

• To evaluate the normative acts of various authorities and international treaties signed by the Russian Federation for their compliance with the constitution;
• Resolve any arising disputes over the competence of official government bodies;
• To verify the constitutionality of laws applicable in specific cases;
• To interpret the provisions of the Constitution of;
• Issue an appropriate opinion on the possibility of making accusations against the President of the Russian Federation.

Subject composition of the body

As in the case of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, the Constitutional Court has in its composition a certain number of members who directly exercise all its functions. To date, the court has 19 judges. The process of their appointment has a certain procedure. The choice of judges is made by the president, and directly appointed by the Federation Council. This order is a reflection of democracy.

Conclusion

So, in the article we tried to answer the question about which top judicial bodies of the Russian Federation exist today. The relevance of the activities of departments in the 21st century has a high level. Therefore, it remains to be hoped that in their work the highest judicial bodies will always be guided solely by the norms of legislative acts and, of course, by the Constitution of Russia.