Phraseological turnover. Examples

Phraseological turnover represents the richest expressive-stylistic potential for literary creativity.

According to many linguists, the specificity of a phraseological unit is determined by its reproducibility. By this property is understood that in the process of verbal communication phraseological units are not created, but are reproduced as stable linguistic units.

Examples of phraseological turns, Which are given in dictionaries of linguistic terms, usually represent those significant units in which the semantics are motivated, constant and bear a vivid imagery. It can be proverbs, sayings, steady figurative expressions: "the rain pours as from a bucket", "snow on the head," "money does not peck at money," "braid on a stone," "in weight of gold," " Forehead, "" the sea is knee-high, "and so on.

Consider two types of phraseological turnover.

Phraseological turnover, consisting of lexical units of fixed use, refers to the so-called fusion, that is, the expression where components are merged into a single image, which is enclosed in their semantic "cohesion."

For example, the expression "beat the buckets" only in such a stable combination of words carries a certain semantics, and everyone knows that it means "idling", "indulging in an empty pastime." But this value is portable, and the etymology of expression is associated with an old game in the towns. During the game, small plates were used, which had to be knocked down with a special stick. They were called baklushi, and knocking them was considered fun, idle time.

Phraseological units are often used by authors in a modified form to create a poetic image.

In B. Akhmadulina, the expression "to beat the buckets" is the main figurative semantic core in describing Sunday as a holiday:

"But Sunday's day, the baklushi beats children's cry, then a bell utensil."

Phraseological turnover, where the components are words related to each other by a semantic meaning, refers to free phraseology.

Let's consider some ways of an individual-author's approach to change of phraseological units in poetic creativity of modern poets.

Phraseological turns and their meanings In the author's interpretation, passing through the creative process of rethinking, mutate, and along with direct meaning often acquire the properties of a metaphor, giving rise to a particular poetic context.

Let us cite examples from the poetic work of our contemporary, the Stavropol poet Andrey Dulepov:

The moon sat down by the window on the roof. / Thought for a rapid flight of the soul behind it calls / The bird will break out the soul / A bad weather, giggling, croaking ...

Considering the use of phraseological units in the poetic speech of contemporary authors, one can note the use of interstyle colloquial elements for the purpose of enhancing expression:

Here, again forced to get into a fight

I'll get in, but suddenly I do not have enough strength

And the enemies will be slapped by the poor fellow ... (A. Dulepov)

An example from the work of the Stavropol poet A. Mosintsev:

And as the whisperers do not blow in dudu

About the charms of universal citizenship -

Lies lie! The world is in sight

While only hatred - to the Slavs.

Many phraseological units are clearly "open" and show the author's attitude towards them: regret, irony, joke, censure, pain, that is what is called empathy.

Sorry for the soldiers, because of other people's ambitions

In the foreign land, the guys had to fall.

Purple over the graves of the lightning

And with tears from the sky - a warm rain ... (A. Dulepov)

Or the famous poem by Yu. Kuznetsov "The Return," where the swirling smoke is not a household sketch, but a symbol of the decay of being, irretrievable loss.

Father was walking, father was unhurt

Through the minefield.

Turned into a swirling smoke

No graves, no pain ...

Another example from the work of A. Mosintsev:

Russia has not lost its optimism

Although any coup is stupid,

Look, again promises luck to the village

The fortune of wealthy gentlemen.

The author's phrase "the gentleman's pack", in which the phraseological unit of the "dog pack" is guessed, represents the author's transformation, where the implied element of the "pack" in an unexpected combination with the expression "wealthy gentlemen" creates a detailed metaphor.

Only a few examples illustrate how the phraseological usage actively used by modern authors as a "poetic phraseology", through the introduction of various techniques into the text, enhances its imagery, brightness and, in addition to the information function, performs the task of emotional impact on the reader.