The deepest depressions on earth: world leaders

Depressions in the World Ocean are the faults of the earth's crust, which are distinguished by the highest pressure and darkness, through which it is almost impossible to see anything. The deepest depressions on Earth, which will be discussed later, have not been thoroughly studied to the present day.

Mariana Trench

She heads the rating and is also known as the Marian Trench. Its location is in the Pacific Ocean, not far from the Mariana Islands. The depth of the fault is 10,994 meters, however, according to scientists, this value can vary within 40 meters. The first immersion in the Mariana Trench occurred on January 23, 1960. The bathyscaphe, which housed the US Navy lieutenant Joe Walsh and the scientist Jacques Picard, descended to 10918 meters. The first researchers claimed that below, they saw fish resembling flounder in appearance. However, photos were not taken. Later, two more dives were carried out. It turned out that the biggest hollow in the world has on its bottom the mountains, which in height reach about 2500 meters.

Gutter Tonga

This depression is only slightly inferior to the Mariana and has a depth of 10882 meters. Its characteristic feature is the speed of movement of lithospheric plates, which reaches 25.4 cm per year (while the average value of this indicator is about 2 cm). An interesting fact about this gutter is that at a depth of about 6 km there is the landing lunar stage Apollo-13, which fell from space.

Philippine Trench

It is located near the Philippine Islands in the Pacific Ocean and ranks third in the ranking such as "The Deepest Depressions on Earth". The depth of the Philippine trench is 10540 meters. This cavity was formed as a result of subduction and was not fully understood due to the fact that Mariana is much more interesting.

Kermadec

The gutter is connected in the northern part with the Tonga mentioned above and reaches a depth of 10047 meters. A thorough study of it, which took place at a depth of about seven and a half kilometers, was conducted in 2008. During the study, rare living creatures were found that differed in their original pink coloration.

Izu-Boninsky Trench

The deepest depressions on Earth were mostly found in the twentieth century. Unlike them, Izu-Boninsky trench depth of 9810 meters by a man was first revealed at the very end of the nineteenth century. This occurred when determining the depth of the bottom for laying the telephone cable. Later it turned out that the trough is part of a whole chain of depressions in the ocean.

Kuril-Kamchatka Trench

The depth of this depression is 9783 meters. It was discovered during the study of the previous trench and is very small in width (59 meters). On the slopes there are many valleys with ledges, terraces and canyons. At the bottom are the hollows divided by rapids. Detailed studies of it have not yet been conducted due to difficult access.

Trench of Puerto Rico

The deepest depressions on Earth are not only in the Pacific Ocean. The gutter of Puerto Rico was formed on the border of the Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea. Its deepest point is at the level of 8385 meters. The depression from the others is characterized by a comparatively high seismic activity, as a result of which in this place there are sometimes underwater eruptions and tsunamis. One can not but note the fact that the depression gradually decreases, which is due to the lowering of the tectonic North American plate.