The cycle of hepatic trematode development is brief

The cycle of development of the hepatic trematode consists of many stages. If you become acquainted with the habitat of all the intermediate forms of this parasite, you can avoid accidental infection. Secure from the fluke will be obtained only by following the rules of hygiene. It is necessary to monitor the habitat of livestock, as well as to check the condition of water bodies and lakes near the houses.

What is a parasite?

The cycle of hepatic trematode development includes the following stages:

1. Egg, excreted with the feces of the previous host in the aquatic environment.
2. Larva wandering in search of mollusks living in the water.
3. Transformation into a sac with embryos (sporocyst) inside the mollusks.
4. A larva with a tail (cercariae), left the mollusc and floating freely in the open spaces of the reservoir.
5. Adolescaria is a larva that has emerged on land and has become covered with a protective membrane. She is waiting for her main owner - a sheep, a pig, a horse, a cow, etc. Often such a master is a man.
6. The adult is the hepatic trematode, which develops inside the liver of the new host and lays eggs.

All intermediate stages are non-hazardous in relation to human infection. Only Adolescaria can become the beginning of parasite development in the liver.

A mature adult grows up to 3 mm in length, it is the cause of devastating consequences for the internal organs of man. The cycle of development of the hepatic trematode in the body of an animal does not differ from the growth of individuals inside the liver in humans. There is only one difference, in humans this process is more unnatural.

Diseases of internal organs occur from mechanical damage to the walls of the liver. And since the cycle of development of the hepatic trematode involves the throwing of eggs, it also increases the risk of acquiring pathologies of internal tissues. The eggs of the parasite are so small that they can penetrate the blood and wander with its current for a long time. At high concentrations, small vessels may be blocked.

Where does the parasite live?

Biologists found that the life of the parasite is subject to a certain pattern - the cycle of development of the hepatic trematode can occur only under favorable conditions. To such include warm weather, the presence of an infection carrier, in addition, the fluky requires and the mandatory presence in the pond mollusks. Without them, the life-pattern set by nature will be violated. The cycle of development of the hepatic trematode involves the formation of cysts. They are a protective shell for living microorganisms, which can withstand frost, heat, lack of moisture.

Often helminths even survive a short process of boiling. Therefore, it is recommended to boil pond water for more than 5 minutes on high heat in order to avoid infection. Parasites that do not always get into the liver begin to develop, most of them die.

Parasite carrier

The cycle of development of the hepatic trematode and bovine chain is the same in terms of the possibility of infection. Cysts in both parasites live on plants near water bodies or freely drift in water. Wherever livestock lives, walks on the watering hole, there necessarily exist eggs of the parasite. So, it is much more likely to get infected by swimming in such a pond or relaxing on its shore.

If we consider separately the cycle of development of the hepatic trematode, we can briefly describe its sequence as follows:

• A pet (not necessarily just cattle);
• water;
• Mollusk;
• cyst;
• mammal.

That is, if one of the conditions is thrown out of the chain, then the parasite perishes. If a shellfish, called a pond snake, lives in the pond, you can confidently judge that the plants in the area are infected.

In the literature there are many variations describing the cycle of development of the hepatic trematode. The pictures depicting the people affected by the parasite are horrific. For the liver, the actions of the ribbon-like worm are destructive. If the case is running, the body should be replaced, and this expensive procedure is not something every person can afford.

If the parasite is detected in time for certain symptoms, it is possible to prevent disability. Treatment ends positively and is performed in a hospital. One tablet of the parasite can not be removed from the body. However, often, with the exclusion of negative factors for health, the parasite can die and under the influence of immunity.

How can I get infected?

If one understands the whole cycle of development of the liver fluke, the ways of infection of the person will be more clear, and they can be excluded. So, to consume raw water, especially from a pond, is dangerous. It is not recommended to have a picnic on the beach, in the place of walking of domestic animals. Unwashed hands after bathing in a pond can cause penetration of cysts into the body.

You can get infected from pets. Cysts can cling to the wool of cattle, birds, dogs, which are waiting on the plants near the pond. A person can also be a carrier, but he is not dangerous to others.

Development process

The cycle of development of the hepatic trematode occurs, first of all, thanks to mollusks. The reason for the habitat of the parasite in the reservoirs is the warm temperature of the standing water. However, larvae can find a new intermediate host. So, in Australia, they live inside the mollusk L. Tomentosa, which indicates a high survival of the parasite.

Water is an indispensable element of development, as are plants on which cysts are fixed. The nature of the parasite is intended to enter the body of cattle, eating plants around the pond. Man and other animals are casual carriers of the fluke.

Cysts are revealed only in favorable conditions. More often it occurs in the internal cavity of the intestine. It may happen that a person at that moment consumed antibiotics, then the cyst may not open up and will come out naturally, without infecting it. But most likely the larvae will penetrate the walls of the intestine and enter the bloodstream. They will be detained only in the liver, where they are fixed by their suckers over the walls of the organ.

A parasite can live in the liver for several years, causing microscopic damage daily. What leads in the end to the formation of fibrous tissue, worsening the functioning of the body.

Comparison with an equally dangerous parasite

A huge parasite - bovine tapeworm - is known for its unpleasant suckers and hooks, with which it clings to the walls of the human intestine. The body of the parasite can reach 3 m. When it is removed, they try to extend the head, since if it remains inside, the worm will continue to grow again.

Infect the bullish chain can from the domestic cattle, courting her. But meat is also dangerous for health, as parasite cysts live in muscle fibers. They come here in the process of eating infected cows. The eggs of the parasite are opened, and the larvae penetrate the muscles of the animal through the blood channels.

The next stage in the development of the helminth is a condition called the fin. Finn is a small, with a pea, a small vial with a small pit, in which there are undeveloped suckers and hooks. This is the head of the future chain. Her parasite is attached to the wall of the intestine, and then begins to build up her body.

How to catch a chain?

Similarly, with the previous parasite, a bull chain can be infected through food. However, the Finn is much larger and so easy not to swallow. Therefore, the cases of infection are rather rare and occur with absolute disorder of a person. Raw meat is the main cause of infection.

An invisible parasite can only penetrate with food. Fans of meat with blood risk to acquire for many years an unpleasant freeloader. The parasite draws from the food all the useful substances, not allowing the body to receive the necessary. And when the cormorant reaches huge sizes, shock conditions may occur, the intestine can be blocked.

Ways of prevention and control of parasites

The faeces of man and animals are carriers of eggs of the chain-tail or fluke. Therefore, isolation of latrines with their subsequent processing can stop the spread of infection. Also, periodic cleaning of the bottom of reservoirs from mud and mollusks is used. Livestock should be led to grazing exclusively in unsociable places.

Meat should be subjected to long-term temperature treatment. And the safest method of cooking is boiling. Livestock should be constantly checked for parasites and treated. Along with this, it is necessary to observe the rules of personal hygiene.