How to parse the pronoun as part of speech. Spelling and declension of pronouns. The role of pronouns in Russian

A pronoun is one of the independent parts of speech. In the school curriculum, more than one lesson is devoted to its study. In this article, we will learn how to parse a pronoun as part of speech. But before this, let's talk a little about the pronoun itself and define its basic grammatical features, since without this knowledge it will not be possible to make a thorough analysis.

We will also try to compose an algorithm for parsing this part of speech and give an example for a better understanding of the essence of the matter and fixing the knowledge you have gained. In addition, we raise the question of the syntactic role of pronouns in the sentence, and also give some attention to such an important problem as the spelling of pronouns.

General information

A pronoun is an independent part of the speech that answers the questions "who?", "What?", "What?", "Whose?", "How much?", "How?", "When?", "Where?" In this case, this part of the speech indicates objects, their signs or quantity, but does not name them. Pronouns have such features as discharge, face, number, gender, case.

In Russian, the role of pronouns is quite important. Words that relate to this part of speech? Are among the most used. With their help, repetitions can be avoided, successfully replacing words in the text with pronouns, expressing an expressive color (for example, replacing "I" with "we" in scientific texts, sarcasm when referring to well-known people for "you", etc. ). And this is not a complete list of the stylistic possibilities of this part of speech. Here it is worth noting that in the school curriculum they also pay attention to the use of personal pronouns. Especially for this, exercises are developed, during which the child learns the rules for contacting his friends and adults. For example, writing letters for a friend and teacher and comparing them, drawing up dialogues with the pronouns "you" and "you".

Etymology

Before talking about how to parse a pronoun as part of a speech, say a few words about its origin. The pronouns were already known in the Proto-Slavonic language and were used quite widely. In fact, this part of the speech was formed even before the selection of the Russian from the Proto-Slavic language. If you become acquainted with historical grammar, it becomes clear that all pronouns have long-standing roots, that is, they were formed quite a long time ago, and at this stage we should not wait for replenishment of this part of the speech with new vocabulary. The pronoun words practically did not change their shape and sound for centuries.

Discharge

If you want to learn how to parse a pronoun, then first of all you should familiarize yourself with its characteristics and grades. In Russian there are 9 categories of pronouns. Each has its own meaning.

• Personal pronouns point directly at people and objects.
• There is also a recurrent pronoun of "self," which is used to convey the direction of action to the subject who is doing the same thing.
• Possessive pronouns indicate that an object belongs to a particular person or even an object.
• With the help of demonstrative pronouns, you can specify the number or the characteristic.
• Definitive pronouns indicate the sign of a person or an object.
• Interrogative pronouns are the same question words. They indicate not only persons, but also objects or their signs, quantity.
• The relative pronouns are the same as the interrogative, but their function is to connect parts of complex sentences.
• Negative pronouns indicate the absence of a feature or object.
• Undefined pronouns indicate unidentified objects or their signs.

If you want to parse the pronoun as part of the speech, first look at the table with digits. It is better to learn it for memory.

Person, number and genus

Personal pronouns are distinguished by such a sign as a person. There are three persons in all: the first, the second and the third. The first refers to the pronoun "I". The second is "you", to the third - "he", "she", "they". Pronouns are divided into individuals not only in the singular, but also in the plural.

So, you and I sorted out what kind of pronoun happens and what are its constant signs. Now let's talk about non-permanent signs. This includes the number of pronouns. Most of them can be both single and plural. Also, some have gender.

Case

It should be noted that all pronouns, as well as nouns, adjectives and numerals, can vary by case. Declination of pronouns occurs in the same way as nouns. In the event that they replace another part of the speech, the pronouns may be inclined with the help of questions of this part of the speech. It should be noted that the reflexive pronoun has no form in the nominative case. There are no forms of the nominative case, and such words as "no one" and "nothing". Note that the pronouns "are" and "what", and also "someone" and "something" are not at all inclined.

Spelling of pronouns

Before deconstructing the pronoun as part of speech, let's talk about spelling. There are several basic rules that you should know. They are not as complex as they may seem at first glance, but their use will significantly increase your literacy.

• First of all, if in the case of third person pronouns the initial letter n is present, pretext is used before the pronoun. For example: she, with them.
• Indefinite pronouns are used with a non-vertex prefix. For example: someone, something.
• Particles-either, some-, some-, are always written through a hyphen. For example: someone, anything.
• In the event that there is a preposition between the particle and the pronoun, the given phrase is recorded separately in three words. For example: somebody.
• As for the negative pronouns, they can have both a non-impact and a non-shock attachment - ni-. For example: no one, nothing.

As you can see, these rules are not so many and easy to remember. If you doubt the correctness of writing a particular pronoun, you can always check using special spelling directories or spelling dictionaries.

Syntactic role

The last thing to know before considering how to parse a pronoun as part of speech is its syntactic role in the sentence. Like a noun, a pronoun can act in almost any syntactic role. Most often it serves as a subject, answering the nominative case. Note that the pronoun "itself" can not be subject.

Also, the pronoun can be the second main member of the sentence - the predicate. In this case, it answers the questions "what?" Or "what?", "What is it?" Or "who is that?" This part of the speech answers questions of addition, definition and even circumstances.

As you can see, a pronoun can act as any member of a sentence, and also replace any nominal independent part of speech.

Order of parsing

So, we found out all the signs of pronouns, and now you can talk directly about how to parse the pronoun as part of speech. We suggest using the following parsing algorithm:

1. We record the pronoun.

2. We select the question to which it answers.

3. Determine the discharge.

4. We write down the initial form of this pronoun.

5. Determine the person.

6. Determine the Number.

7. If possible, determine the genus.

8. Define the case.

9. We find out the syntactic role of the word in the sentence.

That's the whole algorithm. As you can see, there is nothing difficult in parsing the pronoun.

A good example

For clarity, we will analyze the pronoun as part of the speech from the sentence: "I woke up rather late."

1. "I" is a pronoun.

2. The question that is answered: "who?"

3. Rank - personal.

4. The initial form is "I".

5. A person is the first.

6. The number is unique.

7. Gender - can not be determined

8. The case is nominative.

9. The syntactic role is the subject.

Now we have considered not only the spelling of pronouns, but also the order of their analysis, the main features.

Finally

A pronoun is one of the most significant parts of speech in the Russian language, which answers the questions of nouns, numerals, adjectives and points to an object or its feature, but does not name it at the same time. Pronouns are divided into categories by value, have such grammatical features as a person, gender, number, case, and can vary by case. The sentence can perform any syntactic role. We also learned how to parse the pronoun as part of speech, set the order of parsing and even made an analysis of the pronoun "I". We hope this article was useful to you.